Toxic Air Pollution Handbook

About the Editor David R. Patrick is a nationally known expert on air pollution and has over 20 years' experience as a Professional Engineer. Currently he directs air pollution services for both public and private sector clients in his position as Vice President of ICF Kaiser International in Fairfax, Virginia. While working for the EPA for 15 years, Mr. Patrick managed programs and directed studies involving all aspects of evaluation, measurement, regulation, and control of air pollution. He serves as an expert air pollution witness for the U.S. Department of Justice, has written extensively on air pollution topics, and speaks frequently at technical meetings and seminars.

• Acknowledgment PrefaceContributor ListBackground 3Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments 25Toxic Air Pollutants and Their Sources 33Assessment and Control of Toxic Air Pollutants 50Evaluation of Toxicological Data 57Quantitative Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment 79Noncancer Toxicity of Inhaled Toxic Air Pollutants: Available Approaches for Risk Assessment and Risk Management 100Exposure Assessment Principles 133Source Sampling and Analysis 166Emissions Estimation 217Air Dispersion and Deposition Models 226Atmospheric Transformation and Removal of Air Toxics 241Human Intake 249Population and Activity Analysis 264Ecological Risk Assessment 280Legislative and Legal Considerations 291Ambient Concentration Limits 313Technology Standards 325Risk Assessment and Risk Management 341Cost-Benefit Approaches 362Gaseous Toxic Air Pollutant Control Technologies 373Fugitive Emissions Controls 398Pollution Prevention 440Special Sources of Toxic Air Pollutants 461Mobile Sources and Air Toxics 469Other Programs That Control Toxic Air Pollutants 489Control of Air Toxics in Other Countries 505Risk Communication on Toxic Air Pollutants 514Ap A Noncancer Toxicity of Inhaled Air Pollutants: Available Approaches for Risk Assessment and Risk Management 529Ap B Supplementary Procedures for Obtaining Fugitive Emission Estimates 542Ap C Response Factors 550Ap D Vacuum Bagging 552Ap E Blow-Through Bagging 555Ap F Recirculation Bagging 558Ap G Exposure and Risk Models 559Acronyms and Abbreviations 567Bibliography 573Index 579