PETER L. BERNSTEIN is President of Peter L. Bernstein, Inc., economic consultants to institutional investors. Mr. Bernstein is the author of six books in economics and finance, including the bestselling Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street, as well as many articles in the professional and popular press. He is the Editor of The Portable MBA in Investment (Wiley) and was the Founding Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management.

AGAINST THE GODS appeared in the "Washington Is Also Reading..." section of The Washington Post Book World. The book is described as, "A comprehensive history of man's efforts to understand risk and probability, from ancient gamblers in Greece to modern chaos theory."-The Washington Post Book World, September 20, 1998

• Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 1TO 1200: BEGINNINGS1. The Winds of the Greeks and the Roleof the Dice 112. As Easy as I, II, III 231200–1700: A THOUSAND OUTSTANDING FACTS3. The Renaissance Gambler 394. The French Connection 575. The Remarkable Notions of the Remarkable Notions Man 731700–1900: MEASUREMENT UNLIMITED6. Considering the Nature of Man 997. The Search for Moral Certainty 1168. The Supreme Law of Unreason 1359. The Man with the Sprained Brain 15210. Peapods and Perils 17211. The Fabric of Felicity 1871900–1960: CLOUDS OF VAGUENESS AND THE DEMAND FOR PRECISION12. The Measure of Our Ignorance 19713. The Radically Distinct Notion 21514. The Man Who Counted Everything Except Calories 23115. The Strange Case of the Anonymous Stockbroker 247DEGREES OF BELIEF:EXPLORING UNCERTAINTY16. The Failure of Invariance 26917. The Theory Police 28418. The Fantastic System of Side Bets 30419. Awaiting the Wildness 329Notes 339Bibliography 353Name Index 365Subject Index 369

PETER L. BERNSTEIN is President of Peter L. Bernstein, Inc., economic consultants to institutional investors. Mr. Bernstein is the author of six books in economics and finance, including the bestselling Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street, as well as many articles in the professional and popular press. He is the Editor of The Portable MBA in Investment (Wiley) and was the Founding Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management.

AGAINST THE GODS appeared in the "Washington Is Also Reading..." section of The Washington Post Book World. The book is described as, "A comprehensive history of man's efforts to understand risk and probability, from ancient gamblers in Greece to modern chaos theory."-The Washington Post Book World, September 20, 1998

• Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 1TO 1200: BEGINNINGS1. The Winds of the Greeks and the Roleof the Dice 112. As Easy as I, II, III 231200–1700: A THOUSAND OUTSTANDING FACTS3. The Renaissance Gambler 394. The French Connection 575. The Remarkable Notions of the Remarkable Notions Man 731700–1900: MEASUREMENT UNLIMITED6. Considering the Nature of Man 997. The Search for Moral Certainty 1168. The Supreme Law of Unreason 1359. The Man with the Sprained Brain 15210. Peapods and Perils 17211. The Fabric of Felicity 1871900–1960: CLOUDS OF VAGUENESS AND THE DEMAND FOR PRECISION12. The Measure of Our Ignorance 19713. The Radically Distinct Notion 21514. The Man Who Counted Everything Except Calories 23115. The Strange Case of the Anonymous Stockbroker 247DEGREES OF BELIEF:EXPLORING UNCERTAINTY16. The Failure of Invariance 26917. The Theory Police 28418. The Fantastic System of Side Bets 30419. Awaiting the Wildness 329Notes 339Bibliography 353Name Index 365Subject Index 369

PETER L. BERNSTEIN is President of Peter L. Bernstein, Inc., economic consultants to institutional investors. Mr. Bernstein is the author of six books in economics and finance, including the bestselling Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street, as well as many articles in the professional and popular press. He is the Editor of The Portable MBA in Investment (Wiley) and was the Founding Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management.

AGAINST THE GODS appeared in the "Washington Is Also Reading..." section of The Washington Post Book World. The book is described as, "A comprehensive history of man's efforts to understand risk and probability, from ancient gamblers in Greece to modern chaos theory."-The Washington Post Book World, September 20, 1998

• Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 1TO 1200: BEGINNINGS1. The Winds of the Greeks and the Roleof the Dice 112. As Easy as I, II, III 231200–1700: A THOUSAND OUTSTANDING FACTS3. The Renaissance Gambler 394. The French Connection 575. The Remarkable Notions of the Remarkable Notions Man 731700–1900: MEASUREMENT UNLIMITED6. Considering the Nature of Man 997. The Search for Moral Certainty 1168. The Supreme Law of Unreason 1359. The Man with the Sprained Brain 15210. Peapods and Perils 17211. The Fabric of Felicity 1871900–1960: CLOUDS OF VAGUENESS AND THE DEMAND FOR PRECISION12. The Measure of Our Ignorance 19713. The Radically Distinct Notion 21514. The Man Who Counted Everything Except Calories 23115. The Strange Case of the Anonymous Stockbroker 247DEGREES OF BELIEF:EXPLORING UNCERTAINTY16. The Failure of Invariance 26917. The Theory Police 28418. The Fantastic System of Side Bets 30419. Awaiting the Wildness 329Notes 339Bibliography 353Name Index 365Subject Index 369