Alzheimer's Disease

Khalid Iqbal is the editor of Alzheimer's Disease: Advances in Etiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics, published by Wiley.Sangram S. Sisodia is the editor of Alzheimer's Disease: Advances in Etiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics, published by Wiley.Bengt Winblad is the editor of Alzheimer's Disease: Advances in Etiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics, published by Wiley.

"Articles are divided into seven sections on epidemiology and risk factors.... About 400 contributors lend expertise to this professional compendium and contact information is provided for at least one author of every article." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)

• List of Contributors xiiDedications xxviScientists Honored for Pioneering Research xxixPreface xxxvAcknowledgments xxxviI. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS 11. The Transition from Normal Functioning to Dementia in the Aging Population 3Laura Fratiglioni, Brent Small, Bengt Winblad and Lars Bäckman 2. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Advances and Challenges 11Robert Katzman 3. Epidemiology of Dementia in Down’s Syndrome 23Nicole Schupf II. GENETICS 314. A Genomic Search for Alzheimer’s Disease Genes 33Jonathan L. Haines, L. Renee Bailey, Janet M. Grubber, Dale Hedges, Jenifer L. Hall, Sandra West, Leonard Santoro, Beth Kemmerer, Anne M. Saunders, Allen D. Roses, Gary W. Small, William K. Scott, P. Michael Conneally, Jeffery M. Vance and Margaret A. Pericak-Vance 5. Candidate Genes Showing No Evidence of Association with Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of the NIMH-AD Genetics Initiative 45Lars Bertram, Deborah Blacker, Adam S. Crystal, Jennifer Jones, Devon Keeney, Laura A. MacKenzie-Ingano, Kristina Mullin, Sanjay Basu, Stephen Yhu, Melvin McInnis, Rodney C. P. Go, Aleister J. Saunders and Rudolph E. Tanzi 6. Familial Alzheimer’s Disease with Spastic Paraparesis Associated with a Mutation at Codon 261 of the Presenilin 1 Gene 53Martin R. Farlow, Jill R. Murrell, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Michael Phillips, Masaki Takao, Christine Hulette and Bernardino Ghetti 7. Genetic Analysis of the Presenilin Pathway in Drosophila 61Izhar Livne-Bar and Gabrielle L. Boulianne 8. Molecular Genetics and Transgenic Modeling of the Tauopathies 71Jada Lewis, Matt Baker, Marjon Van Slegtenhorst and Mike Hutton 9. Regulation of Four-repeat tau Expression: Interactions between Exon and Intron Splicing Regulatory Sequences 87Ian D’Souza and Gerard D. Schellenberg III. DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL COURSE 9710. Preclinical Prediction of AD: Relation Between Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings 99Marilyn S. Albert, Ronald J. Killiany, Keith Johnson, Rudolph E. Tanzi and Kenneth Jones 11. Neuropsychological Detection of Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of a Neuropathological Series of ‘Normal’ Controls 111Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, Christine Hulette, Donald Schmechel, James Burke and Ann Saunders 12. Potentially Reversible Conditions in Memory Clinic Patients 123Anne-Mette Hejl, Peter Høgh and Gunhild Waldemar 13. The Alzheimer’s Disease Centers’ Neuropsychological Database Initiative: A Resource for Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention Trials 129Michael Grundman, Hyun T. Kim, David Salmon, Martha Storandt, Glenn Smith, Steven Ferris, Richard Mohs, Jason Brandt, Rachelle Doody, Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer, Judith Saxton, Kathy Saine, Frederick Schmitt, Paula Ogrocki, Nancy Johnson, Diane Howieson, Michelle Papka, Joanne Green, Anthony Gamst, Walter Kukull and Leon J. Thal, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Centers’ Neuropsychological Database Initiative 14. Mild Cognitive Impairment: Transition from Aging to Alzheimer’s Disease 141Ronald C. Petersen 15. Brain Functional Imaging in Early and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease 153Agneta Nordberg, Vesna Jelic, Eva Arnáiz, Bengt Långström and Ove Almkvist 16. Amyloid, PHF-tau, Ubiquitin and Synaptic Markers in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: Immunochemical Analyses of Frontal Cortex from Prospectively Studied Elderly Humans 165D. S. Wang, E. Cochran, D. Bennett, E. Mufson, C. Eckman and D. W. Dickson 17. Imaging the Consequences of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology 181Yaakov Stern and Scott Small 18. Influence of apoE Genotype and PET Brain Imaging on Preclinical Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease 193Gary W. Small, Linda M. Ercoli, Daniel H.S. Silverman, S.-C. Huang, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Helen Lavretsky, Karen Miller, Prabha Siddarth, John C. Mazziotta, Ann M. Saunders, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Allen D. Roses, Jorge R. Barrio and Michael E. Phelps 19. Overview of Vascular Dementia 205William R. Markesbery 20. Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Vascular Dementia in a Memory Clinic 219F. Pasquier, X. Douay, C. Delmaire, F. Lebert and J. P. Pruvo 21. MRI of Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease, Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia and Mixed Dementia 229N. Schuff, A. T. Du, D. Amend, Y. Y. Hsu, M. P. Laakso, W. Jagust, H. C. Chui and M. W. Weiner 22. Olfactory Function and Event-related Potentials in Alzheimer’s Disease 237Claire Murphy and Charlie D. Morgan 23. Phenotypic Differences in Cholinergic Markers within the Nucleus Basalis in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment 253Elliott J. Mufson, Michele Gilmor, Shuang Y. Ma, Alan I. Levey and Jeffrey H. Kordower 24. Evaluating CNS Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease 265John H. Growdon 25. CSF Markers for Early Alzheimer’s Disease 275Kaj Blennow, Pia Davidsson and Eugeen Vanmechelen 26. CSF-Phospho-tau (181P) as a Promising Marker for Discriminating Alzheimer’s Disease from Dementia with Lewy Bodies 285E. Vanmechelen, E. Van Kerschaver, K. Blennow, P. P. De Deyn, D. Galasko, L. Parnetti, C. J. M. Sindic, H. Arai, M. Riemenschneider, H. Hampel, H. Pottel, A. Valgaeren, F. Hulstaert and H. Vanderstichele 27. Increased Levels of a Minor Glycoform of Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid 293Javier Sáez-Valero, Su San Mok, Lisa Fodero, Alberto Marcos, Maria-Sagrario Barquero, Catriona McLean and David H. Small 28. Plasma b-Amyloid as a Surrogate Genetic Marker in Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease 303Nilufer Ertekin Taner, Neill Graff-Radford, Linda H. Younkin, Christopher Eckman, Jennifer Adamson, Daniel J. Schaid, John Blangero, Michael Hutton and Steven G. Younkin 29. Levels of Total and Deposited Ab are Correlated with Dementia 311S. Parvathy, J. Naslund, V. Haroutunian and J. D. Buxbaum 30. What Should We Tell Patients Attending a Memory Disorders Clinic About Their Diagnosis? 319Conor P. Maguire and Rebecca M. Slinn IV. MECHANISMS OF NEURODEGENERATION 32931. Innate Immunity, Autotoxicity and Degenerative Neurologies 331Patrick L. McGeer, Koju Yasojima and Edith G. McGeer 32. Neuroinflammatory Responses in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Promote the Oxidative Post-translational Modification of Amyloid Deposits 341Craig S. Atwood, Xudong Huang, Robert D. Moir, Mark A. Smith, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Alex E. Roher, Ashley I. Bush and George Perry 33. Plasma Antioxidants and Oxidative DNA Damage in Lymphocytes from Normal Aged People and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients 363Patrizia Mecocci, Maria Cristina Polidori, Tiziana Ingegni, Paola Mattioli, Antonio Cherubini, Marco Catani, Roberta Cecchetti and Umberto Senin 34. Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Responses in Alzheimer’s Disease 371George Perry, Akihiko Nunomura, Jesus Avila, Mar Perez, Catherine A. Rottkamp, Craig S. Atwood, Xiongwei Zhu, Gjumrakch Aliev, Adam D. Cash and Mark A. Smith 35. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and Clinical Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia: Implications in the Role of Neuronal COX-2 in Cell Cycle 379Giulio Maria Pasinetti 36. Parallels between the Redox Properties and Toxicity of Ab in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mutant Cu/Zn-SOD in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 393Ashley I. Bush 37. b-Amyloid Toxicity: Diverse Biological Activities Drive Multiple Cellular Mechanisms 407C. W. Cotman, L. Tong, A. Anderson, D. Cribbs and J. Su 38. Mechanisms of Ab Production and Ab Degradation: Routes to the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease 421D. J. Selkoe, W. Xia, W. T. Kimberly, K. Vekrellis, D. Walsh, W. P. Esler and M. S. Wolfe 39. A High Fat, High Cholesterol Diet Accelerates b-Amyloid Accumulation in the CNS of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease 433Lorenzo M. Refolo, Brian Malester, John LaFrancois, Tara Bryant-Thomas, Rong Wang, G. Stephen Tint, Kumar Sambamurti, Karen Duff and Miguel A. Pappolla 40. Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction Studies further Confirm the Efficacy of PTI-00703TM1 (Cat’s Claw Derivative) as a Potential Inhibitor of Alzheimer’s b-Amyloid Protein Fibrillogenesis 449Gerardo M. Castillo, Daniel A. Kirschner, Ann G. Yee and Alan D. Snow 41. Accelerated Ab Generation in a Cell Model of Alzheimer’s Disease-related Endosomal–Lysosomal System Upregulation 461Paul M. Mathews, Carolyn B. Guerra, Ying Jiang, Benjamin H. Kao, Ravi Dinakar, Pankaj Mehta, Anne M. Cataldo and Ralph A. Nixon 42. The Amyloid Precursor Protein V717I Mutation Increases Susceptibility to Cell Death in a Cholesterol-dependent Manner 469Luigi Puglielli, Laura A. MacKenzie Ingano, Rudolph E. Tanzi and Dora M. Kovacs 43. Intracellular and Secreted Ab42/40 Ratios Are Differently Influenced by APP Mutations 479Heike S. Grimm, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler, Konrad Beyreuther and Tobias Hartmann 44. Familial British Dementia 487Jorge Ghiso, Tamas Révész, Agueda Rostagno, Ruben Vidal, Gordon Plant and Blas Frangione 45. Cellular Metabolism of Familial British Dementia-associated BRI-L 495Seong-Hun Kim and Sangram S. Sisodia 46. A Decamer Duplication in the BRI Gene Originates a de novo Amyloid Peptide that Causes Dementia in a Danish Kindred 507Ruben G. Vidal, Tamas Révész, Agueda Rostagno, Toke Bek, Hans Braendgaard, Gordon Plant, Jorge Ghiso and Blas Frangione 47. Familial Alzheimer’s Disease-linked Mutant Presenilins Attenuate Capacitative Calcium Entry 515Isaac Cheng, Andrew S. Yoo, Rudolph E. Tanzi and Tae-Wan Kim 48. Presenilin-1 Is a Regulatory Component of the Cadherin Cell Adhesion Complex: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease 521Anastasio Georgakopoulos, Philippe Marambaud, Nikolaos K. Robakis and Lia Baki 49. Presenilins and Notch Signaling Pathway 531Weihong Song and Bruce A. Yankner 50. Functional Consequences of the Association of PS1 with b-Catenin 541Salvador Soriano, David E. Kang, Nathalie Chevallier, Hui Zheng and Edward H. Koo 51. A Novel Protease Active Site Motif Conserved in Presenilins and Polytopic Bacterial Aspartyl Proteases? 549Harald Steiner and Christian Haass 52. The Unfolded Protein Response-mediated Upregulation of BiP and CHOP Is not Affected by Presenilin Expression 559Naoyuki Sato and Gopal Thinakaran 53. Mechanisms of a-Synuclein and NAC Fibrillogenesis 569Makoto Hashimoto, Edward Rockenstein, Takato Takenouchi, Margaret Mallory and Eliezer Masliah 54. Neurofibrillary Degeneration: Patterns of Tau Isoform Expression 587André Delacourte 55. Phosphorylation, Microtubule Binding and Aggregation of Tau Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease 601Jesús Ávila, José J. Lucas, Filip Lim, Mar Pérez, Félix Hernández, Montserrat Arrasate, Rosario Armas Portela, Elsa Champion, George Perry, Mark A. Smith and Javier Díaz Nido 56. Phosphorylation of Protein Tau and Rescue of Protein Tau-induced Axonopathy by GSK-3b in GSK-3b6htau40 Double Transgenic Mice 609Kurt Spittaels, Chris Van den Haute, Jo Van Dorpe, Hugo Geerts and Fred Van Leuven 57. Pathogenic Implication of Altered Tau Properties Caused by FTDP-17 Mutations 621P. Nacharaju, S. Yen, M. DeTure, C. Easson, M. Hutton and S.-H. Yen 58. A Hexapeptide Motif (306VQIVYK311)-forming b Structure Induces the Aggregation of Tau Protein to Paired Helical Filaments 631M. von Bergen, J. Biernat, E.-M. Mandelkow and Eckhard Mandelkow V. ANIMAL AND CELLULAR MODELS 64159. Formation of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Mouse Brain 643Akihiko Takashima and Kentaro Tanemura 60. Inducible Transgenic Expression of Wild-type tau in H4 Neuroglioma Cells 651Michael DeTure, Li-Wen Ko, Colin Easson, Mike Hutton and Shu-Hui Yen 61. Lewy-like Pathology in Mice Transgenic for Mutant (A53T) and Wild-type Human a-Synuclein 661Bernd Sommer, Samuel Barbieri, Katja Hofele, Karl-Heinz Wiederhold, Alphonse Probst, Claudia Mistl, Simone Danner, Sabine Kauffmann, Willibrordus Spooren, Markus Tolnay, Graeme Bilbe and Herman van der Putten 62. Somal and Neuritic Accumulation of the Parkinson’s Disease-associated Mutant [A30P]a-Synuclein in Transgenic Mice 671Phillipp J. Kahle, Manuela Neumann, Laurence Ozmen, Hans A. Kretzschmar and Christian Haass 63. Ex vivo Transmission of Mouse-adapted Prion Strains to N2a and GT1-7 Cell Lines 679Sylvain Lehmann, Hubert Laude, David A. Harris, Richard I. Carp, Didier Vilette, Shigeru Katamine, Jean-Yves Madec and Noriyuki Nishida 64. In Vivo Perturbation of Lysosomal Function Promotes Neurodegeneration in the PS1M146V/APPK670N,M671L Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology 687Ralph A. Nixon, Paul M. Mathews, Anne M. Cataldo, Panaiyur S. Mohan, Stephen D. Schmidt, Karen Duff, Martin Berg, Neville Marks, Corinne Peterhoff and Henry Sershen 65. Changes in Cognitive Characteristics of Tg(APP)CRND8 Mice at Early Stages of Immunization with Beta-Amyloid Peptide 697Christopher Janus, Jacqueline Pearson, Patrick Horne, Richard Renlund, Karen Parisien, Azhar Chishti, Donna Heslin, Catherine Bergeron, Paul Fraser, Peter St George-Hyslop and David Westaway VI. THERAPEUTICS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES 70566. Galantamine, a Novel Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Long-term Benefits to Patients and Caregivers 707Pierre Tariot and Bengt Winblad 67. Benefits of Donepezil on Cognition, Function and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease over One Year 725Gunhild Waldemar, Bengt Winblad, Knut Engedal, Hilkke Soininen, Frans Verhey, Anders Wimo, Anne-Lena Wetterholm, Richard Zhang, Anders Haglund, Ponni Subbiah and the Donepezil Nordic Study Group 68. Characterization of Alzheimer’s b-Secretase Protein BACE: Processing and Other Post-translational Modifications 739Mitsuru Haniu, Brian D. Bennett, Paul Denis, Yunjen Young, Elizabeth A. Mendiaz, Janis Fuller, John O. Hui, Steven Kahn, Safura Babu-Khan, Sandra Ross, Teresa Burgess, Viswanatham Katta, Margery Nicolson, Jonathan Lull, Shue-Yuan Wang, Gary Rogers, Robert Vassar and Martin Citron 69. Androgen Treatment Reduces Cognitive Deficits in Female apoE4 Transgenic Mice Jacob Raber, Anthony LeFevour and Lennart Mucke70. Studies with the Memory-enhancing Drug AIT-082 in PC12 Cells 747Debomoy K. Lahiri, Yuan-Wen Ge and Martin R. Farlow 71. Generation of Auto-antibodies toward Alzheimer’s Disease Vaccination 759Beka Solomon and Dan Frenkel 72. Toward the Identification of c-Secretase: Using Transition State Analog Inhibitors 777William P. Esler, W. Taylor Kimberly, Beth L. Ostaszewski, Weiming Xia, Dennis J. Selkoe and Michael S. Wolfe 73. Photoactivated, Active-site-directed g-Secretase Inhibitors Covalently Label Presenilin 1 789Stephen J. Gardell, Yue-Ming Li, Min Xu, Ming-Tain Lai, Qian Huang, Jose L. Castro, Jillian DiMuzio-Mower, Timothy Harrison, Colin Lellis, Alan Nadin, Joseph G. Neduvelil, R. Bruce Register, Mohinder K. Sardana, Mark S. Shearman, Xiao-Ping Shi, Adrian L. Smith, Kuo-Chang Yin and Jules A. Shafer 74. Functional Analysis of b-Secretase Using Mutagenesis and Structural Homology Modeling 799Gwen Tatsuno, John Anderson, Jin Hong, David A. Agard, Nobuyuki Ota, Sukanto Sinha, Guriqbal Basi and Lisa McConlogue 75. Therapeutic Approaches to Prion Diseases: In Vitro Studies with Tetracycline Compounds 809Tazeen Awan, Gianluigi Forloni, Enzio Ragg, Selina Iussich, Giacomina Rossi, Laura Colombo, Laura Girola, Tania Massignan, Orso Bugiani, Mario Salmona and Fabrizio Tagliavini VII. PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE 82176. Influence of a Memory Training Program on Attention and Memory Performance of Patients with Dementia 823Tanja Bernhardt, Konrad Maurer and Lutz Frölich 77. Prediction of Use of Emergency Community Services by Cognitively Impaired Seniors who Live Alone: Preliminary Findings of a Prospective Study 833Mary C. Tierney, Jocelyn Charles, W. Gary Snow, John P. Szalai, Susan Jaglal, Franca Spizzirri and Rory H. Fisher Index 835