Sahar Aziz is Professor of Law, Middle East Legal Scholar, and Chancellor’s Social Justice Scholar at Rutgers University Law School and Founding Director of the Center for Security, Race, and Rights.

“Thought-provoking.”

• AcknowledgmentsForeword by John L. EspositoIntroduction1 • When American Racism Quashes Religious Freedom2 • The Color of Religion3 • Racialization of Jews, Catholics, and Mormons in the Twentieth Century4 • From Protestant to Judeo-Christian National Identity: The Expansion of American Whiteness5 • Social Construction of the Racial Muslim6 • American Orientalism and the Arab Terrorist Trope7 • Fighting Terrorism, Not Religion8 • Officiating Islamophobia9 • Criminalizing Muslim Identity10 • The Future of the Racial Muslim and Religious Freedom in AmericaConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

Sahar Aziz is Professor of Law, Middle East Legal Scholar, and Chancellor’s Social Justice Scholar at Rutgers University Law School and Founding Director of the Center for Security, Race, and Rights.

“Thought-provoking.”

• AcknowledgmentsForeword by John L. EspositoIntroduction1 • When American Racism Quashes Religious Freedom2 • The Color of Religion3 • Racialization of Jews, Catholics, and Mormons in the Twentieth Century4 • From Protestant to Judeo-Christian National Identity: The Expansion of American Whiteness5 • Social Construction of the Racial Muslim6 • American Orientalism and the Arab Terrorist Trope7 • Fighting Terrorism, Not Religion8 • Officiating Islamophobia9 • Criminalizing Muslim Identity10 • The Future of the Racial Muslim and Religious Freedom in AmericaConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

Sahar Aziz is Professor of Law, Middle East Legal Scholar, and Chancellor’s Social Justice Scholar at Rutgers University Law School and Founding Director of the Center for Security, Race, and Rights.

“Thought-provoking.”

• AcknowledgmentsForeword by John L. EspositoIntroduction1 • When American Racism Quashes Religious Freedom2 • The Color of Religion3 • Racialization of Jews, Catholics, and Mormons in the Twentieth Century4 • From Protestant to Judeo-Christian National Identity: The Expansion of American Whiteness5 • Social Construction of the Racial Muslim6 • American Orientalism and the Arab Terrorist Trope7 • Fighting Terrorism, Not Religion8 • Officiating Islamophobia9 • Criminalizing Muslim Identity10 • The Future of the Racial Muslim and Religious Freedom in AmericaConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex