Norman Schofield is Taussig Professor in Political Economy at Washington University in St Louis. He has served as Fulbright Distinguished Professor of American Studies at Humboldt University Berlin in 2003–04, and held a Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford in 1988–89. Professor Schofield is the author of Architects of Political Change (Cambridge University Press, 2006), Mathematical Methods in Economics and Social Choice (2003), Multiparty Government (coauthored with Michael Laver, 1990), and Social Choice and Democracy (1985). He received the William Riker Prize in 2002 for contributions to political theory and is corecipient with Gary Miller of the Jack L. Walker Prize for the best article on political organizations and parties in the American Political Science Review for 2002–04. Itai Sened is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at Washington University in St Louis. He has also served as Director of the Center for New Institutional Social Sciences there since 2000, and formerly taught at Tel Aviv University. Professor Sened is coauthor (with Gideon Doron) of Political Bargaining: Theory, Practice, and Process (2001), author of The Political Institution of Private Property (Cambridge University Press, 1997), and coauthor (with Jack Knight) of Explaining Social Institutions (1995). His research has been published in leading journals such as the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, Journal of Theoretical Politics, British Journal of Political Science, and the European Journal of Political Research.

"Multiparty Democracy contributes immensely to both the formal theoretical literature on party competition, and to the empirical literature on elections and party behavior. Schofield and Sened demonstrate that incorporating the influence of valence issues – namely, party leaders' non-policy-related reputations with respect to competence, integrity, and charisma – into the standard spatial model provides critical insights into election outcomes and party strategies. Furthermore, the authors do a marvelous job highlighting political elites' strategic incentives to appeal to party activists, who can provide the resources used to carry the party message to the electorate. This blend of state-of-the-art formal theory and richly detailed empirical analyses of party politics in Israel, Italy, Britain, the Netherlands, and the United States, makes Multiparty Democracy as an instant classic." James Adams, University of California, Davis

• 1. Multiparty democracy; 2. Elections and democracy; 3. A theory of political competition; 4. Elections in Israel 1988–1996; 5. Elections in Italy: 1992–1996; 6. Elections in the Netherlands: 1979–1981; 7. Elections in Britain: 1979–2005; 8. Political realignments in the U.S.; 9. Concluding remarks; 10. References; 11. Tables and figures.