Pamela A. Moss is a Professor of Education at the University of Michigan School of Education. She is co-founder and co-editor of the journal Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives and editor of the 2007 yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education titled Evidence and Decision Making. Diana C. Pullin is Professor in the Lynch School of Education and Affiliate Professor of Law at Boston College. She serves as an expert advisor to the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences on panels advising the U.S. Congress and federal government on testing and assessment in education and employment and is Associate Editor of Education Policy. James Paul Gee received his PhD in linguistics from Stanford University in 1975 and is a member of the National Academy of Education. His most recent publications include What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy (2003); Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul (2005); and Good Video Games and Good Learning (2007). Edward H. Haertel's recent publications include articles in Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice and Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, a co-edited yearbook for the National Society for the Study of Education, and a chapter in the most recent edition of Educational Measurement. Haertel is Professor of Education at Stanford University. Lauren Jones Young is Program Director for The Spencer Foundation. In addition to two edited books and a number of monographs, she has published in several journals, including Educational Researcher, Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Harvard Educational Review, Women and Health, The National Law Review, Phi Delta Kappan, Theory into Practice, and Journal of Teacher Education.

• 1. Introduction Edward Haertel, Pamel Moss, Diana Pullin and James Gee; 2. Assessment through the lens of 'opportunity to learn' Diana Pullin and Edward Haertel; 3. A sociological perspective on opportunity to learn and assessment Hugh (Bud) Mehan; 4. A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 5. Individualizing assessment and opportunity to learn: lessons from the education of students with disabilities Diana Pullin; 6. Cultural modeling as opportunity to learn: making problem solving explicit in culturally robust classrooms and implications for assessment Carol D. Lee; 7. Opportunities to learn in practice and identity James G. Greeno and Melissa S. Gresalfi; 8. Game-like learning: an example of situation learning and implications for opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 9. Sociocultural implications for assessment I: classroom assessment Pamela A. Moss; 10. Issues of structure and issues of scale in assessment from a situative/sociocultural perspective Robert J. Mislevy; 11. Sociocultural implications for assessment II: professional learning, evaluation, and accountability Pamela A. Moss, Brian J. Girard and James G. Greeno; 12. Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn Diana Pullin.

Pamela A. Moss is a Professor of Education at the University of Michigan School of Education. She is co-founder and co-editor of the journal Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives and editor of the 2007 yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education titled Evidence and Decision Making. Diana C. Pullin is Professor in the Lynch School of Education and Affiliate Professor of Law at Boston College. She serves as an expert advisor to the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences on panels advising the U.S. Congress and federal government on testing and assessment in education and employment and is Associate Editor of Education Policy. James Paul Gee received his PhD in linguistics from Stanford University in 1975 and is a member of the National Academy of Education. His most recent publications include What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy (2003); Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul (2005); and Good Video Games and Good Learning (2007). Edward H. Haertel's recent publications include articles in Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice and Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, a co-edited yearbook for the National Society for the Study of Education, and a chapter in the most recent edition of Educational Measurement. Haertel is Professor of Education at Stanford University. Lauren Jones Young is Program Director for The Spencer Foundation. In addition to two edited books and a number of monographs, she has published in several journals, including Educational Researcher, Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Harvard Educational Review, Women and Health, The National Law Review, Phi Delta Kappan, Theory into Practice, and Journal of Teacher Education.

• 1. Introduction Edward Haertel, Pamel Moss, Diana Pullin and James Gee; 2. Assessment through the lens of 'opportunity to learn' Diana Pullin and Edward Haertel; 3. A sociological perspective on opportunity to learn and assessment Hugh (Bud) Mehan; 4. A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 5. Individualizing assessment and opportunity to learn: lessons from the education of students with disabilities Diana Pullin; 6. Cultural modeling as opportunity to learn: making problem solving explicit in culturally robust classrooms and implications for assessment Carol D. Lee; 7. Opportunities to learn in practice and identity James G. Greeno and Melissa S. Gresalfi; 8. Game-like learning: an example of situation learning and implications for opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 9. Sociocultural implications for assessment I: classroom assessment Pamela A. Moss; 10. Issues of structure and issues of scale in assessment from a situative/sociocultural perspective Robert J. Mislevy; 11. Sociocultural implications for assessment II: professional learning, evaluation, and accountability Pamela A. Moss, Brian J. Girard and James G. Greeno; 12. Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn Diana Pullin.

Pamela A. Moss is a Professor of Education at the University of Michigan School of Education. She is co-founder and co-editor of the journal Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives and editor of the 2007 yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education titled Evidence and Decision Making. Diana C. Pullin is Professor in the Lynch School of Education and Affiliate Professor of Law at Boston College. She serves as an expert advisor to the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences on panels advising the U.S. Congress and federal government on testing and assessment in education and employment and is Associate Editor of Education Policy. James Paul Gee received his PhD in linguistics from Stanford University in 1975 and is a member of the National Academy of Education. His most recent publications include What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy (2003); Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul (2005); and Good Video Games and Good Learning (2007). Edward H. Haertel's recent publications include articles in Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice and Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, a co-edited yearbook for the National Society for the Study of Education, and a chapter in the most recent edition of Educational Measurement. Haertel is Professor of Education at Stanford University. Lauren Jones Young is Program Director for The Spencer Foundation. In addition to two edited books and a number of monographs, she has published in several journals, including Educational Researcher, Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Harvard Educational Review, Women and Health, The National Law Review, Phi Delta Kappan, Theory into Practice, and Journal of Teacher Education.

• 1. Introduction Edward Haertel, Pamel Moss, Diana Pullin and James Gee; 2. Assessment through the lens of 'opportunity to learn' Diana Pullin and Edward Haertel; 3. A sociological perspective on opportunity to learn and assessment Hugh (Bud) Mehan; 4. A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 5. Individualizing assessment and opportunity to learn: lessons from the education of students with disabilities Diana Pullin; 6. Cultural modeling as opportunity to learn: making problem solving explicit in culturally robust classrooms and implications for assessment Carol D. Lee; 7. Opportunities to learn in practice and identity James G. Greeno and Melissa S. Gresalfi; 8. Game-like learning: an example of situation learning and implications for opportunity to learn James Paul Gee; 9. Sociocultural implications for assessment I: classroom assessment Pamela A. Moss; 10. Issues of structure and issues of scale in assessment from a situative/sociocultural perspective Robert J. Mislevy; 11. Sociocultural implications for assessment II: professional learning, evaluation, and accountability Pamela A. Moss, Brian J. Girard and James G. Greeno; 12. Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn Diana Pullin.