PATRICK WORMALD was a College Tutor and University Lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford. JANET L. NELSON is Professor of Medieval History at Kings College London.

Review of the hardback: 'This excellent collection of essays does a great service in forcing an important issue into our historical consciousness, and, one hopes, into our debates.' H-German

• 1. In place of an introduction Janet L. Nelson; 2. Secular sanctity: forging an ethos for the Carolingian nobility Thomas F. X. Noble; 3. Einhardus Peccator David Ganz; 4. The world, the text, and the Carolingian: royal, aristocratic and masculine identities in Nithard's histories Stuart Airlie; 5. Eberhard of Friuli, a Carolingian lay intellectual Paul J. E. Kershaw; 6. Dhuoda Janet L. Nelson; 7. Intellectual women? Liutberga and the education of Carolingian women Valerie Garver; 8. Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the ivory of the pericopes of Henry II Celia Chazelle; 9. Problems of authorship and audience in the writings of Alfred the Great David Pratt; 10. 'Stand strong against the monsters': kingship and learning in the empire of King Æthelstan Michael Wood; 11. The lay intellectual in Anglo-Saxon England: Ealdorman Æthelweard as historian Scott Ashley; 12. Conclusion Richard Abels.

PATRICK WORMALD was a College Tutor and University Lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford. JANET L. NELSON is Professor of Medieval History at Kings College London.

Review of the hardback: 'This excellent collection of essays does a great service in forcing an important issue into our historical consciousness, and, one hopes, into our debates.' H-German

• 1. In place of an introduction Janet L. Nelson; 2. Secular sanctity: forging an ethos for the Carolingian nobility Thomas F. X. Noble; 3. Einhardus Peccator David Ganz; 4. The world, the text, and the Carolingian: royal, aristocratic and masculine identities in Nithard's histories Stuart Airlie; 5. Eberhard of Friuli, a Carolingian lay intellectual Paul J. E. Kershaw; 6. Dhuoda Janet L. Nelson; 7. Intellectual women? Liutberga and the education of Carolingian women Valerie Garver; 8. Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the ivory of the pericopes of Henry II Celia Chazelle; 9. Problems of authorship and audience in the writings of Alfred the Great David Pratt; 10. 'Stand strong against the monsters': kingship and learning in the empire of King Æthelstan Michael Wood; 11. The lay intellectual in Anglo-Saxon England: Ealdorman Æthelweard as historian Scott Ashley; 12. Conclusion Richard Abels.

PATRICK WORMALD was a College Tutor and University Lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford. JANET L. NELSON is Professor of Medieval History at Kings College London.

Review of the hardback: 'This excellent collection of essays does a great service in forcing an important issue into our historical consciousness, and, one hopes, into our debates.' H-German

• 1. In place of an introduction Janet L. Nelson; 2. Secular sanctity: forging an ethos for the Carolingian nobility Thomas F. X. Noble; 3. Einhardus Peccator David Ganz; 4. The world, the text, and the Carolingian: royal, aristocratic and masculine identities in Nithard's histories Stuart Airlie; 5. Eberhard of Friuli, a Carolingian lay intellectual Paul J. E. Kershaw; 6. Dhuoda Janet L. Nelson; 7. Intellectual women? Liutberga and the education of Carolingian women Valerie Garver; 8. Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the ivory of the pericopes of Henry II Celia Chazelle; 9. Problems of authorship and audience in the writings of Alfred the Great David Pratt; 10. 'Stand strong against the monsters': kingship and learning in the empire of King Æthelstan Michael Wood; 11. The lay intellectual in Anglo-Saxon England: Ealdorman Æthelweard as historian Scott Ashley; 12. Conclusion Richard Abels.