When Did Jesus Become God?

Bart D. Ehrman is James A. Gray Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has written over thirty books, including undergraduate textbooks and trade books for general readers. Among Ehrman's New York Times best-sellers are God’s Problem; How Jesus Became God; Jesus, Interrupted; and Misquoting Jesus. Michael F. Bird is Lecturer in New Testament and Academic Dean at Ridley College in Australia and an Anglican priest. He is the author and editor of over thirty books, including The New Testament in Its WorldSeven Things I Wish Christians Knew about the Bible, Jesus the Eternal Son, and How God Became Jesus. Robert B. Stewart is Professor of Philosophy and Theology and the Greer-Heard Chair of Faith and Culture at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. Stewart has authored or edited twelve books, ten of which were debates or dialogues, which include numerous contributing essays by other highly respected scholars, such as John Dominic Crossan, Alister McGrath, Craig Evans, and others.

“In the ancient Mediterranean, ‘fathers’ were always superior to ‘sons.’ In some ancient Jewish traditions, a messiah might be divine, but he was the lieutenant, not the equal, of the supreme power, the God of Israel. By 325 CE, however, the Council of Nicaea would pronounce Christ equal in divinity to God. How, and when, did this mutation in monotheism occur? Does christological divinity—Christ as a god—imply divine identity, Christ as God? Ehrman and Bird debate all these issues with erudition and lively good humor. When did Jesus become God? Great question—with myriad different answers.”  —Paula Fredriksen, Aurelio Professor Emerita of Scripture, Boston University, and Distinguished Visiting Professor, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem “A reader may come to this book already knowing which side is correct, and I was no exception; but that did not prevent me from thoroughly enjoying the book—I enjoyed reading it more than I ever thought I would. In a world that is increasingly polarized, it is more important than ever to have—and model—respectful dialogue, debate, and disagreement. This book is important because it is both an introduction to an ongoing scholarly debate and also an example of how to argue well. The opening section on historiological methodology alone would make this book invaluable. From now on, when I teach historiography, I will assign this book.” —James L. Papandrea, Professor of Church History and Historical Theology, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary“Although there are many reasons to recommend When Did Jesus Become God?, I can cite three that identify this as an essential, short model for Christian debate: Stewart’s clear articulation of a user-friendly approach to historical analysis; the irenic and respectful interaction of Ehrman and Bird, which is sincerely lacking in much modern discourse; and the clear dialogic approach to a theology that is at the core of Christian faith. Get this book!”  —Jacquelyn E. Winston, Professor Emerita Church History and Theology, Azusa Pacific University“It’s not every day that you find a debate about when early Christians believed Jesus was divine prefaced by a very helpful introductory discussion of logic and how to assess historical arguments. But that in fact is what we find in this extremely interesting little book. The focus in the book is not on Jesus’ self-understanding but on what the earliest Christians believed about Jesus after his death and resurrection. The lively but respectful and humorous back-and-forth between Michael Bird and Bart Ehrman is worth the price of the book all by itself.” —Ben Witherington III, Jean R. Amos Professor of New Testament for Doctoral Studies, Asbury Theological Seminary