Cynthia Sanborn is Professor of Political Science and Senior Researcher at the Research Center, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru. Felipe Portocarrero is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Research Center, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru. John H. Coatsworth is Dean of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University and former Director of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University. Francisco Durand is Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas at San Antonio and Associate Professor of Sociology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.