Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Research Professor at Harvard University. He served as the twenty-fifth president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, and he served again as interim president from 2006 to 2007. His many books include Our Underachieving Colleges, Universities in the Marketplace, and the acclaimed best seller The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions (all Princeton).

"Magisterial."--Stanley Fish, New York Times "A detailed progress report on the challenges and opportunities facing our nation's colleges and universities... Competition among schools produces benefits and causes problems. Most of the important ones are addressed in Bok's helpful volume. I hope he is right that we already have the ingredients in place to make the necessary reforms. I know we need university leaders like him to help activate those ingredients so that American higher education can continue to contribute in vital ways to our culture, our economy and our polity."--Michael S. Roth, Washington Post "A thought-provoking book that defies political stereotypes. Because of its nuances, the book is a refreshing change from the openly hostile diatribes attacking higher education in recent years."--Peter Sacks, Minding the Campus "Bok draws on the latest empirical research to set the record straight about systems of governance, undergraduate education, doctoral programs, medical schools, law schools, and business schools, teaching, research, and tenure, tuition, financial aid, affirmative action, the role of government, inter-collegiate athletics, online education, for-profit institutions, and what he calls 'matters of genuine concern.' Comprehensive, judicious, probing, and immensely informative, written for students, parents, and taxpayers as well as 'insiders,' it is one of the best books to appear on this subject in decades."--Glenn Altschuler, Huffington Post "Hold on to your mortarboard; [Higher Education in America has] got five fat sections on the state of instruction at the undergrad then graduate level, with umpteen analyses of market forces at each turn, plus five forewords and four afterwords! Despite this daunting breadth, Bok keeps it real."--Katharine Whittemore, Boston Globe "[Higher Education in America is] a magisterial yet often contrarian assessment of challenges facing university governance, teaching, and, indeed, survival."--Jim Sleeper, Huffington Post "In the past few years, UK government ministers have paid a lot of attention to the American higher education system, and some new ideas introduced in England, at least, have come directly from the US. Higher Education in America, written by a former president of Harvard University, serves to highlight the similarities between issues we face in the UK with those in the US... Easy to read and comprehensive... A useful overview of the state of US higher education in the early 21st century."--Mary Stuart, Times Higher Education "Monumental... [Bok's] assessment is measured and clear, and we may confidently refer young academics and administrators to Higher Education in America as a primer on current affairs."--Mark Bauerlein, Weekly Standard "One theme that I found particularly useful in Higher Education in America is Bok's treatment of undergraduate education and curriculum. Bok underlines the value of a broad university education at every level--for the individual, for the business who hires him or her, and for the society... The book is worth reading carefully by faculty leaders and university administrators as they make their best efforts to enhance the educational effectiveness of their programs."--Daniel Little, Understanding Society blog "Derek Bok asks all the right questions about higher education, and his experience, research, and staggering intelligence pervade every page. The real value here lies in Bok's thorough examination of some of the most urgent challenges facing higher education--and in his spot-on recommendations for what needs to be done to address these concerns. This is an important book for both academics and families looking at a future in higher education."--Grandparents.com "Highly recommended for education professionals, policy advocates, and the broad public as a thorough and thoughtful examination that assesses strengths and weaknesses and suggests paths to academic improvement."--Elizabeth Hayford, Library Journal starred review "Derek Bok ... has a breathtaking grasp of higher education worldwide, and he states his positions in a lucid and learned manner. Moreover, he presents copious evidence to back his assertions so that the reader who wishes to challenge him knows precisely what data support his contentions."--Edward P. Sheridan, PsycCRITIQUES "With more than two decades of service as president of Harvard University behind him, Derek Bok has views on higher education that must be taken seriously... Now in Higher Education in America, the Harvard professor offers a comprehensive and up-to-date volume that gathers analysis of these and numerous other topics in one place."--Choice "Ambitious and thought-provoking, Higher Education in America represents an informed and informative addition to ongoing debates at the national, state, and institutional levels about the aims higher education ought to aspire to and how best to achieve them."--David M. Brown & John Thelin, Teachers College Record

• Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Part I The Context Foreword (I) 7 Chapter One The American System of Higher Education 9 Chapter Two Purposes, Goals, and Limits to Growth 28 Chapter Three The Governance of Nonprofit Universities 44 Afterword (I) 72 Part II Undergraduate Education Foreword (II) 77 Chapter Four Going to College and Earning a Degree 81 Chapter Five Paying for College: The Challenge for Policy-Makers and Academic Leaders 98 Chapter Six Entering the Right College 122 Chapter Seven The Expanding Audience for Higher Education 145 Chapter Eight What to Learn 166 Chapter Nine How to Teach 183 Chapter Ten Prospects for Reform 201 Afterword (II) 220 Chapter Eleven Graduate Education Part III Professional Education Foreword (III) 249 Chapter Twelve Medical Schools 256 Chapter Thirteen Law Schools 271 Chapter Fourteen Business Schools 287 Afterword (III) 306 Part IV Research Foreword (IV) 321 Chapter Fifteen "Publish or Perish" 328 Chapter Sixteen The Changing Nature of Scientific Research 342 Chapter Seventeen The Environment for Research 358 Afterword (IV) 377 Part V A Final Reckoning Foreword (V) 383 Chapter Eighteen Matters of Genuine Concern 387 The Last Word 408 Notes 413 Index 453

Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Research Professor at Harvard University. He served as the twenty-fifth president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, and he served again as interim president from 2006 to 2007. His many books include Our Underachieving Colleges, Universities in the Marketplace, and the acclaimed best seller The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions (all Princeton).

"Magisterial."--Stanley Fish, New York Times "A detailed progress report on the challenges and opportunities facing our nation's colleges and universities... Competition among schools produces benefits and causes problems. Most of the important ones are addressed in Bok's helpful volume. I hope he is right that we already have the ingredients in place to make the necessary reforms. I know we need university leaders like him to help activate those ingredients so that American higher education can continue to contribute in vital ways to our culture, our economy and our polity."--Michael S. Roth, Washington Post "A thought-provoking book that defies political stereotypes. Because of its nuances, the book is a refreshing change from the openly hostile diatribes attacking higher education in recent years."--Peter Sacks, Minding the Campus "Bok draws on the latest empirical research to set the record straight about systems of governance, undergraduate education, doctoral programs, medical schools, law schools, and business schools, teaching, research, and tenure, tuition, financial aid, affirmative action, the role of government, inter-collegiate athletics, online education, for-profit institutions, and what he calls 'matters of genuine concern.' Comprehensive, judicious, probing, and immensely informative, written for students, parents, and taxpayers as well as 'insiders,' it is one of the best books to appear on this subject in decades."--Glenn Altschuler, Huffington Post "Hold on to your mortarboard; [Higher Education in America has] got five fat sections on the state of instruction at the undergrad then graduate level, with umpteen analyses of market forces at each turn, plus five forewords and four afterwords! Despite this daunting breadth, Bok keeps it real."--Katharine Whittemore, Boston Globe "[Higher Education in America is] a magisterial yet often contrarian assessment of challenges facing university governance, teaching, and, indeed, survival."--Jim Sleeper, Huffington Post "In the past few years, UK government ministers have paid a lot of attention to the American higher education system, and some new ideas introduced in England, at least, have come directly from the US. Higher Education in America, written by a former president of Harvard University, serves to highlight the similarities between issues we face in the UK with those in the US... Easy to read and comprehensive... A useful overview of the state of US higher education in the early 21st century."--Mary Stuart, Times Higher Education "Monumental... [Bok's] assessment is measured and clear, and we may confidently refer young academics and administrators to Higher Education in America as a primer on current affairs."--Mark Bauerlein, Weekly Standard "One theme that I found particularly useful in Higher Education in America is Bok's treatment of undergraduate education and curriculum. Bok underlines the value of a broad university education at every level--for the individual, for the business who hires him or her, and for the society... The book is worth reading carefully by faculty leaders and university administrators as they make their best efforts to enhance the educational effectiveness of their programs."--Daniel Little, Understanding Society blog "Derek Bok asks all the right questions about higher education, and his experience, research, and staggering intelligence pervade every page. The real value here lies in Bok's thorough examination of some of the most urgent challenges facing higher education--and in his spot-on recommendations for what needs to be done to address these concerns. This is an important book for both academics and families looking at a future in higher education."--Grandparents.com "Highly recommended for education professionals, policy advocates, and the broad public as a thorough and thoughtful examination that assesses strengths and weaknesses and suggests paths to academic improvement."--Elizabeth Hayford, Library Journal starred review "Derek Bok ... has a breathtaking grasp of higher education worldwide, and he states his positions in a lucid and learned manner. Moreover, he presents copious evidence to back his assertions so that the reader who wishes to challenge him knows precisely what data support his contentions."--Edward P. Sheridan, PsycCRITIQUES "With more than two decades of service as president of Harvard University behind him, Derek Bok has views on higher education that must be taken seriously... Now in Higher Education in America, the Harvard professor offers a comprehensive and up-to-date volume that gathers analysis of these and numerous other topics in one place."--Choice "Ambitious and thought-provoking, Higher Education in America represents an informed and informative addition to ongoing debates at the national, state, and institutional levels about the aims higher education ought to aspire to and how best to achieve them."--David M. Brown & John Thelin, Teachers College Record

• Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Part I The Context Foreword (I) 7 Chapter One The American System of Higher Education 9 Chapter Two Purposes, Goals, and Limits to Growth 28 Chapter Three The Governance of Nonprofit Universities 44 Afterword (I) 72 Part II Undergraduate Education Foreword (II) 77 Chapter Four Going to College and Earning a Degree 81 Chapter Five Paying for College: The Challenge for Policy-Makers and Academic Leaders 98 Chapter Six Entering the Right College 122 Chapter Seven The Expanding Audience for Higher Education 145 Chapter Eight What to Learn 166 Chapter Nine How to Teach 183 Chapter Ten Prospects for Reform 201 Afterword (II) 220 Chapter Eleven Graduate Education Part III Professional Education Foreword (III) 249 Chapter Twelve Medical Schools 256 Chapter Thirteen Law Schools 271 Chapter Fourteen Business Schools 287 Afterword (III) 306 Part IV Research Foreword (IV) 321 Chapter Fifteen "Publish or Perish" 328 Chapter Sixteen The Changing Nature of Scientific Research 342 Chapter Seventeen The Environment for Research 358 Afterword (IV) 377 Part V A Final Reckoning Foreword (V) 383 Chapter Eighteen Matters of Genuine Concern 387 The Last Word 408 Notes 413 Index 453

Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Research Professor at Harvard University. He served as the twenty-fifth president of Harvard from 1971 to 1991, and he served again as interim president from 2006 to 2007. His many books include Our Underachieving Colleges, Universities in the Marketplace, and the acclaimed best seller The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions (all Princeton).

"Magisterial."--Stanley Fish, New York Times "A detailed progress report on the challenges and opportunities facing our nation's colleges and universities... Competition among schools produces benefits and causes problems. Most of the important ones are addressed in Bok's helpful volume. I hope he is right that we already have the ingredients in place to make the necessary reforms. I know we need university leaders like him to help activate those ingredients so that American higher education can continue to contribute in vital ways to our culture, our economy and our polity."--Michael S. Roth, Washington Post "A thought-provoking book that defies political stereotypes. Because of its nuances, the book is a refreshing change from the openly hostile diatribes attacking higher education in recent years."--Peter Sacks, Minding the Campus "Bok draws on the latest empirical research to set the record straight about systems of governance, undergraduate education, doctoral programs, medical schools, law schools, and business schools, teaching, research, and tenure, tuition, financial aid, affirmative action, the role of government, inter-collegiate athletics, online education, for-profit institutions, and what he calls 'matters of genuine concern.' Comprehensive, judicious, probing, and immensely informative, written for students, parents, and taxpayers as well as 'insiders,' it is one of the best books to appear on this subject in decades."--Glenn Altschuler, Huffington Post "Hold on to your mortarboard; [Higher Education in America has] got five fat sections on the state of instruction at the undergrad then graduate level, with umpteen analyses of market forces at each turn, plus five forewords and four afterwords! Despite this daunting breadth, Bok keeps it real."--Katharine Whittemore, Boston Globe "[Higher Education in America is] a magisterial yet often contrarian assessment of challenges facing university governance, teaching, and, indeed, survival."--Jim Sleeper, Huffington Post "In the past few years, UK government ministers have paid a lot of attention to the American higher education system, and some new ideas introduced in England, at least, have come directly from the US. Higher Education in America, written by a former president of Harvard University, serves to highlight the similarities between issues we face in the UK with those in the US... Easy to read and comprehensive... A useful overview of the state of US higher education in the early 21st century."--Mary Stuart, Times Higher Education "Monumental... [Bok's] assessment is measured and clear, and we may confidently refer young academics and administrators to Higher Education in America as a primer on current affairs."--Mark Bauerlein, Weekly Standard "One theme that I found particularly useful in Higher Education in America is Bok's treatment of undergraduate education and curriculum. Bok underlines the value of a broad university education at every level--for the individual, for the business who hires him or her, and for the society... The book is worth reading carefully by faculty leaders and university administrators as they make their best efforts to enhance the educational effectiveness of their programs."--Daniel Little, Understanding Society blog "Derek Bok asks all the right questions about higher education, and his experience, research, and staggering intelligence pervade every page. The real value here lies in Bok's thorough examination of some of the most urgent challenges facing higher education--and in his spot-on recommendations for what needs to be done to address these concerns. This is an important book for both academics and families looking at a future in higher education."--Grandparents.com "Highly recommended for education professionals, policy advocates, and the broad public as a thorough and thoughtful examination that assesses strengths and weaknesses and suggests paths to academic improvement."--Elizabeth Hayford, Library Journal starred review "Derek Bok ... has a breathtaking grasp of higher education worldwide, and he states his positions in a lucid and learned manner. Moreover, he presents copious evidence to back his assertions so that the reader who wishes to challenge him knows precisely what data support his contentions."--Edward P. Sheridan, PsycCRITIQUES "With more than two decades of service as president of Harvard University behind him, Derek Bok has views on higher education that must be taken seriously... Now in Higher Education in America, the Harvard professor offers a comprehensive and up-to-date volume that gathers analysis of these and numerous other topics in one place."--Choice "Ambitious and thought-provoking, Higher Education in America represents an informed and informative addition to ongoing debates at the national, state, and institutional levels about the aims higher education ought to aspire to and how best to achieve them."--David M. Brown & John Thelin, Teachers College Record

• Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Part I The Context Foreword (I) 7 Chapter One The American System of Higher Education 9 Chapter Two Purposes, Goals, and Limits to Growth 28 Chapter Three The Governance of Nonprofit Universities 44 Afterword (I) 72 Part II Undergraduate Education Foreword (II) 77 Chapter Four Going to College and Earning a Degree 81 Chapter Five Paying for College: The Challenge for Policy-Makers and Academic Leaders 98 Chapter Six Entering the Right College 122 Chapter Seven The Expanding Audience for Higher Education 145 Chapter Eight What to Learn 166 Chapter Nine How to Teach 183 Chapter Ten Prospects for Reform 201 Afterword (II) 220 Chapter Eleven Graduate Education Part III Professional Education Foreword (III) 249 Chapter Twelve Medical Schools 256 Chapter Thirteen Law Schools 271 Chapter Fourteen Business Schools 287 Afterword (III) 306 Part IV Research Foreword (IV) 321 Chapter Fifteen "Publish or Perish" 328 Chapter Sixteen The Changing Nature of Scientific Research 342 Chapter Seventeen The Environment for Research 358 Afterword (IV) 377 Part V A Final Reckoning Foreword (V) 383 Chapter Eighteen Matters of Genuine Concern 387 The Last Word 408 Notes 413 Index 453