Martin Ruef is the Egan Family Professor of Sociology and director of Markets and Management Studies at Duke University. He is the author of The Entrepreneurial Group (Princeton) and the coauthor of Organizations Evolving and Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations.

Winner of the 2015 Viviana Zelizer Award for Best Book, Economic Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association "[A] compelling analysis of the swiftly changing economic and social institutions in the American south after the Civil War."--Heather A. Haveman, Administrative Science Quarterly "The book excels in providing a comprehensive analytical framework for understanding large-scale social change... Ruef makes excellent use of a wide range of data, including both historical census data and interviews with former slaves conducted by the Federal Writers' Project, to consider patterns of intergenerational status attainment among those who lived through emancipation... A fine exemplar of a historical-comparative analysis of economic change."--Joseph O. Jewell, American Journal of Sociology

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv 1. Institutional Transformation and Uncertainty 1 2. Constructing a Free Labor Market 21 3. Status Attainment among Emancipated Slaves 50 4. Class Structure in the Old and New South 75 5. The Demise of the Plantation 103 6. Credit and Trade in the New South 131 7. Paths to Development 156 8. Emancipation in Comparative Perspective 181 Appendix A. Data Sources and Sampling 195 Appendix B. Idiosyncrasy 203 Notes 209 References 253 Index 277

Martin Ruef is the Egan Family Professor of Sociology and director of Markets and Management Studies at Duke University. He is the author of The Entrepreneurial Group (Princeton) and the coauthor of Organizations Evolving and Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations.

Winner of the 2015 Viviana Zelizer Award for Best Book, Economic Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association "[A] compelling analysis of the swiftly changing economic and social institutions in the American south after the Civil War."--Heather A. Haveman, Administrative Science Quarterly "The book excels in providing a comprehensive analytical framework for understanding large-scale social change... Ruef makes excellent use of a wide range of data, including both historical census data and interviews with former slaves conducted by the Federal Writers' Project, to consider patterns of intergenerational status attainment among those who lived through emancipation... A fine exemplar of a historical-comparative analysis of economic change."--Joseph O. Jewell, American Journal of Sociology

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv 1. Institutional Transformation and Uncertainty 1 2. Constructing a Free Labor Market 21 3. Status Attainment among Emancipated Slaves 50 4. Class Structure in the Old and New South 75 5. The Demise of the Plantation 103 6. Credit and Trade in the New South 131 7. Paths to Development 156 8. Emancipation in Comparative Perspective 181 Appendix A. Data Sources and Sampling 195 Appendix B. Idiosyncrasy 203 Notes 209 References 253 Index 277

Martin Ruef is the Egan Family Professor of Sociology and director of Markets and Management Studies at Duke University. He is the author of The Entrepreneurial Group (Princeton) and the coauthor of Organizations Evolving and Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations.

Winner of the 2015 Viviana Zelizer Award for Best Book, Economic Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association "[A] compelling analysis of the swiftly changing economic and social institutions in the American south after the Civil War."--Heather A. Haveman, Administrative Science Quarterly "The book excels in providing a comprehensive analytical framework for understanding large-scale social change... Ruef makes excellent use of a wide range of data, including both historical census data and interviews with former slaves conducted by the Federal Writers' Project, to consider patterns of intergenerational status attainment among those who lived through emancipation... A fine exemplar of a historical-comparative analysis of economic change."--Joseph O. Jewell, American Journal of Sociology

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv 1. Institutional Transformation and Uncertainty 1 2. Constructing a Free Labor Market 21 3. Status Attainment among Emancipated Slaves 50 4. Class Structure in the Old and New South 75 5. The Demise of the Plantation 103 6. Credit and Trade in the New South 131 7. Paths to Development 156 8. Emancipation in Comparative Perspective 181 Appendix A. Data Sources and Sampling 195 Appendix B. Idiosyncrasy 203 Notes 209 References 253 Index 277