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    1. Naturvetenskap och teknik
    2. Matematik och naturvetenskap
    3. Kemi

    Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry (Second Edition)

    AvDaniel J. Jacob

    Inbunden, Engelska, 2027

    743 kr

    Kommande

    Beskrivning

    An expanded and fully revised edition of the leading introductory textbook on atmospheric chemistry, designed for a one-semester courseAtmospheric chemistry studies the factors controlling the composition of the atmosphere and their implications for life on Earth. This book is structured as a one-semester course, progressively introducing the concepts and methods of atmospheric chemistry at a level easily accessible to students in the sciences and engineering. Exercises with answers allow students to apply what they’ve learned along the way, and there are questions and problems at the end of each chapter that draw on the latest findings while telling insightful stories. Completely updated with extensive new material, Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry grounds students in the fundamentals of a fast-growing discipline of real-world importance and enables them to launch research projects of their own.Now features an entirely new chapter on environmental mercury, primers on core concepts, and scores of new exercisesDiscusses all areas of atmospheric chemistry, including connections to related disciplinesTopics include measures of atmospheric composition, atmospheric pressure, simple models, atmospheric transport, global biogeochemical cycles, chemical kinetics, stratospheric chemistry, tropospheric oxidant chemistry, aerosol chemistry, and atmospheric mercuryCovers issues of major importance to society, such as climate change, air pollution, and stratospheric ozoneWritten by a leading researcher and educator in the fieldAn ideal textbook for undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionalsLecture slides and solutions available to instructors

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2027-03-09
    • Mått:203 x 254 x undefined mm
    • Format:Inbunden
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Antal sidor:304
    • Förlag:Princeton University Press
    • ISBN:9780691275512

    Utforska kategorier

    • Kemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
    • Geovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Mer om författaren

    Daniel J. Jacob is the Vasco McCoy Family Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering at Harvard University. He is the author (with Guy P. Brasseur) of Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry.

    Innehållsförteckning

    • PrefaceChapter 1: Measures of Atmospheric Composition1.1 Relative concentration1.2 Absolute concentration1.3 Column concentration and optical depthBox 1.1: Radiation intensity, radiation flux, and actinic flux1.4 Aerosol size distribution1.5 Partial pressure1.6 Phase diagram of water and cloud formationBox 1.2: Derivation of the phase rule1.7 Aerosol water and visibilityQuestions and Problems, Chapter 11.1 Questions1.2 The ozone layer1.3 Gravitational settling of particles1.4 Phase partitioning of water in a cloud1.5 Seeing your breath1.6 Dew point during heat wavesChapter 2: Atmospheric Pressure2.1 Measuring atmospheric pressure2.2 Mass of the atmosphere2.3 Variation of pressure and temperature with altitude2.4 Pressure-gradient force2.5 The barometric lawBox 2.1: Gravitational separation of air by molecular diffusion2.6 The sea-breeze circulationQuestions and Problems, Chapter 22.1 Questions2.2 Comparing the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars2.3 Measuring aerosol concentrations from aircraft2.4 Estimating global atmospheric masses2.5 Oxygen in the Archean atmosphereChapter 3: Simple Models3.1 Model processesBox 3.1: The continuity equation3.2 One-box model3.2.1 Mass balance equation3.2.2 Atmospheric lifetime3.2.3 Solution for first-order loss3.3 Two-box model3.4 Chemical transport modelsQuestions and Problems, Chapter 33.1 Questions3.2 Atmospheric helium3.3 Atmospheric titration3.4 Aerosol scavenging by precipitation3.5 The Montreal Protocol3.6 Growth of atmospheric methane3.7 Interhemispheric exchange3.8 Exchange between the troposphere and the mesosphereChapter 4: Atmospheric Transport4.1 Forces in the atmosphereBox 4.1: The Coriolis force4.2 General circulation of the atmosphere4.3 Vertical transport4.3.1 Buoyancy and atmospheric stabilityBox 4.2: BuoyancyBox 4.3: Derivation of the adiabatic lapse rate4.3.2 Factors determining atmospheric stability4.3.3 Diurnal cycle of planetary boundary layer mixing4.3.4 Timescales for vertical transportQuestions and Problems, Chapter 44.1 Questions4.2 Cloud base altitude4.3 An atmosphere with fixed relative humidity?4.4 Fumigation4.5 International transport of pollution4.6 Effect of climate change on air qualityChapter 5: Global Biogeochemical Cycles5.1 A brief history of the atmosphere5.2 Biogeochemical cycling of elements5.2.1 General principlesBox 5.1: Redox reactions, oxidation states, stoichiometry5.2.2 Working with biogeochemical box modelsBox 5.2: Characteristic timescales in linear models5.3 The nitrogen cycleBox 5.3: Zel’dovich mechanism for high-temperature oxidation of N2 to NOBox 5.4: Global budget of atmospheric N2O5.4 The oxygen cycle5.5 The carbon cycleBox 5.5: Water chemistry: Chemical equlibrium, Henry’s law, acid dissociation, electroneutrality5.5.1 CO2 equilibrium with the ocean5.5.2 The natural carbon cycle5.5.3 The perturbed carbon cycleBox 5.6: Derivation of equation (5.30)Questions and Problems, Chapter 55.1 Questions5.2 Interpreting the airborne fraction of CO25.3 Atmospheric lifetime of helium5.4 Ocean uptake of CO2 by dissolution of sediments5.5 Fossil fuel combustion as a source of water vapor5.6 Ocean alkalinity and ammonia5.7 Attributing the land sink of CO2Chapter 6: Chemical Forcing of Climate Change6.1 Radiation6.1.1 Emission of radiation6.1.2 Blackbody radiation and Kirchhoff’s law6.2 Effective temperature of the Earth6.2.1 Solar and terrestrial emission spectra6.2.2 Radiative balance of the Earth6.3 The greenhouse effect6.3.1 Absorption of radiation by gas molecules6.3.2 Simple greenhouse model6.3.3 Improving on the simple greenhouse model6.3.4 Interpretation of the terrestrial radiation spectrum6.4 Aerosol effects6.5 Radiative forcing6.5.1 Climate response to radiative forcingBox 6.1: Diagnosing climate sensitivity in Earth system models6.5.2 Radiative forcing since preindustrial time6.6 Climate policy metricsQuestions and Problems, Chapter 66.1 Questions6.2 Jupiter and Mars6.3 The faint Sun problem6.4 Cooling of the stratosphere by greenhouse gases6.5 Remote sensing in the thermal infrared6.6 Albedo increase from aerosols6.7 Black carbon and clouds6.8 Solar geoengineeringChapter 7: Review of Chemical Kinetics7.1 Bimolecular reactions7.2 Three-body reactions and thermolysis7.3 Photolysis7.4 Radical reaction chains7.5 Working with chemical mechanisms7.6 Chemical familiesChapter 8: Stratospheric Chemistry8.1 Early measurements8.2 Chapman mechanism8.2.1 Mechanism descriptionBox 8.1: Energy states of the oxygen atom8.2.2 Steady-state analysis8.3 Catalytic cycles for ozone loss8.3.1 Hydrogen oxide radicals8.3.2 Nitrogen oxide radicalsBox 8.2: Determining the rate-limiting step in a reaction mechanism8.3.3 Chlorine radicals8.4 Polar ozone depletion: The Antarctic ozone hole8.5 Chemistry of the lower stratosphereQuestions and Problems, Chapter 88.1 Questions8.2 Fabry’s discovery of the ozone layer8.3 The shape of the ozone layer8.4 The Chapman mechanism and steady state8.5 HOx-catalyzed cycles for ozone loss8.6 HOx-catalyzed ozone loss8.7 NOx-catalyzed ozone loss8.8 Expanding the definition of the odd oxygen family8.9 Chemical loss of NOy in the upper stratosphere8.10 Chlorine-catalyzed ozone loss8.11 Ozone depletion potential of halocarbons8.12 A proposal to fix the ozone hole8.13 Iodine-catalyzed ozone lossChapter 9: Tropospheric Oxidant Chemistry9.1 A brief history9.2 Tropospheric OH9.2.1 Methyl chloroform proxy9.2.2 Budgets of OH-reacting gases: CO, methane, NMVOCsBox 9.1: Global budget of COBox 9.2: Global budget of methaneBox 9.3: Global budget of NMVOCs9.3 Chemical mechanism for tropospheric ozone9.3.1 Tropospheric NOxBox 9.4: Global sources of tropospheric NOx9.3.2 Oxidation of CO9.3.3 Oxidation of methaneBox 9.5: Global budget of H29.3.4 Oxidation of NMVOCs9.3.5 Peroxyacetyl nitrate and other organic nitrates9.4 Dependence of ozone production on NOx and VOCs9.4.1 NOx- and VOC-limited regimes9.4.2 Ozone isopleth diagram9.4.3 Ozone production efficiency9.5 Global budget of tropospheric ozone9.6 Global distribution and trend of tropospheric ozone9.7 Global distribution and trend of tropospheric OH9.8 Diurnal cycle of surface ozoneQuestions and Problems, Chapter 99.1 Questions9.2 Branching reactions9.3 Using hydrocarbon pairs to infer OH concentrations9.4 Global sources of tropospheric ozone9.5 Local budget of tropospheric ozone9.6 Acetone as a source of OH and ozone9.7 Seasonal switch in ozone production regime9.8 Peroxynitric acid9.9 Chemical regimes in the upper troposphere9.10 Deep convection as an OH source9.11 Ozone production efficiency from diesel cars9.12 Tropospheric bromine explosionChapter 10: Aerosol Chemistry10.1 Historical perspective10.2 Aerosol life cycle and size distribution10.3 Aerosol composition10.4 Sulfate formationBox 10.1: Global emission of sulfur gases10.5 Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosolBox 10.2: Global emission of ammonia10.6 Acid rain10.7 Organic aerosol10.7.1 Organic-phase model for SOA formation10.7.2 Aqueous-phase model for SOA formation10.7.3 Van Krevelen diagram for SOA formation and agingQuestions and Problems, Chapter 1010.1 Questions10.2 Oxidation of SO2 to sulfate10.3 Increasing nitrate aerosol as NOx emissions decrease10.4 Chloride displacement by nitric acid10.5 Sulfuric versus sulfurous acid10.6 The true acidity of rain10.7 Acidity of rain in the preindustrial atmosphere10.8 Simple organic-phase model for SOA formation10.9 VBS model applied to dilution of fresh exhaust10.10 Glyoxal as a source of organic aerosol10.11 Aerosol lifetimes against depositionChapter 11: Atmospheric Mercury11.1 Mercury as an atmospheric gas11.2 Hg(0)/Hg(II) redox chemistry11.3 Global biogeochemical cycling of mercuryQuestions and Problems, Chapter 1111.1 Questions11.2 Atmospheric chemistry of mercury11.3 Mercury deposition to the ocean11.4 Mercury from the Gold RushIndex