Michael Levin is Senior Lecturer in Politics at Goldsmith's College, University of London. He previously taught at the Universities of Leicester, Leeds and Wales and has been twice Visiting Professor of Sociology at San Diego State University. He is the author of Marx, Engels and Liberal Democracy (1989), The Spectre of Democracy: The Rise of Modern Democracy as Seen by its Critics (1992), and The Conditions of England Question: Carlyle, Mill, Engels (1998).

• Chronology 1. Introduction 2. Civilization 3. Barbarism and the Imperial Remedy 4. Progress 5. Civilization Threatened 6. Standstill: The Case of China 7. Aftermath

Michael Levin is Senior Lecturer in Politics at Goldsmith's College, University of London. He previously taught at the Universities of Leicester, Leeds and Wales and has been twice Visiting Professor of Sociology at San Diego State University. He is the author of Marx, Engels and Liberal Democracy (1989), The Spectre of Democracy: The Rise of Modern Democracy as Seen by its Critics (1992), and The Conditions of England Question: Carlyle, Mill, Engels (1998).

• Chronology 1. Introduction 2. Civilization 3. Barbarism and the Imperial Remedy 4. Progress 5. Civilization Threatened 6. Standstill: The Case of China 7. Aftermath