Charles A. Beard was the dean of the pre-World War II generation of American historians, and is widely regarded as the first historian to place economic factors at the center of American political life. The author of more than thirty books exploring the whole of America's past, Beard taught at several universities before retiring to full-time writing. In 1948, he received a medal from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He died later that year. Campbell Craig is lecturer in American history and director of the honors program in diplomacy and international relations at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He was educated at Carleton College, the University of Chicago, and Ohio University. His current interest is in International Cold War and nuclear history, a topic about which he has written two books.

• I: Appearances; I: Moral Commitments for the Conduct of Foreign Affairs in 1941; II: Representations of Lend-Lease Aid to the Allies; III: Patrolling as Appearances; IV: The Atlantic Conference—Appearances; V: “In Case of Attack” in the Atlantic; VI: No Call for “Any Declaration of War”; VI: Appearances of Relations with Japan; VIII: The Attack—Official Explanation; II: Unveiling Realities; IX: The Beginning of Revelations; X: The Official Thesis Challenged in Congress and the Press; XI: Army and Navy Boards Undermine the Official Thesis; XII: A Congressional Committee Probes the Records and Reports; III: Realities as Described by the Pearl Harbor Documents; XIII: Engineering the Official Thesis of Guilt; XIV: Secret War Decisions and Plans; XV: Actualities of the Atlantic Conference; XVI: “Complicated. Moves” in Relations with Japan; XVII: Maneuvering the Japanese into Firing the First Shot; IV: Epilogue; XVIII: Interpretations Tested by Consequences

Charles A. Beard was the dean of the pre-World War II generation of American historians, and is widely regarded as the first historian to place economic factors at the center of American political life. The author of more than thirty books exploring the whole of America's past, Beard taught at several universities before retiring to full-time writing. In 1948, he received a medal from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He died later that year. Campbell Craig is lecturer in American history and director of the honors program in diplomacy and international relations at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He was educated at Carleton College, the University of Chicago, and Ohio University. His current interest is in International Cold War and nuclear history, a topic about which he has written two books.

• I: Appearances; I: Moral Commitments for the Conduct of Foreign Affairs in 1941; II: Representations of Lend-Lease Aid to the Allies; III: Patrolling as Appearances; IV: The Atlantic Conference—Appearances; V: “In Case of Attack” in the Atlantic; VI: No Call for “Any Declaration of War”; VI: Appearances of Relations with Japan; VIII: The Attack—Official Explanation; II: Unveiling Realities; IX: The Beginning of Revelations; X: The Official Thesis Challenged in Congress and the Press; XI: Army and Navy Boards Undermine the Official Thesis; XII: A Congressional Committee Probes the Records and Reports; III: Realities as Described by the Pearl Harbor Documents; XIII: Engineering the Official Thesis of Guilt; XIV: Secret War Decisions and Plans; XV: Actualities of the Atlantic Conference; XVI: “Complicated. Moves” in Relations with Japan; XVII: Maneuvering the Japanese into Firing the First Shot; IV: Epilogue; XVIII: Interpretations Tested by Consequences

Charles A. Beard was the dean of the pre-World War II generation of American historians, and is widely regarded as the first historian to place economic factors at the center of American political life. The author of more than thirty books exploring the whole of America's past, Beard taught at several universities before retiring to full-time writing. In 1948, he received a medal from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He died later that year. Campbell Craig is lecturer in American history and director of the honors program in diplomacy and international relations at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He was educated at Carleton College, the University of Chicago, and Ohio University. His current interest is in International Cold War and nuclear history, a topic about which he has written two books.

• I: Appearances; I: Moral Commitments for the Conduct of Foreign Affairs in 1941; II: Representations of Lend-Lease Aid to the Allies; III: Patrolling as Appearances; IV: The Atlantic Conference—Appearances; V: “In Case of Attack” in the Atlantic; VI: No Call for “Any Declaration of War”; VI: Appearances of Relations with Japan; VIII: The Attack—Official Explanation; II: Unveiling Realities; IX: The Beginning of Revelations; X: The Official Thesis Challenged in Congress and the Press; XI: Army and Navy Boards Undermine the Official Thesis; XII: A Congressional Committee Probes the Records and Reports; III: Realities as Described by the Pearl Harbor Documents; XIII: Engineering the Official Thesis of Guilt; XIV: Secret War Decisions and Plans; XV: Actualities of the Atlantic Conference; XVI: “Complicated. Moves” in Relations with Japan; XVII: Maneuvering the Japanese into Firing the First Shot; IV: Epilogue; XVIII: Interpretations Tested by Consequences