Designing and Conducting Health Surveys

LU ANN ADAY, PHD, is the Lorne Bain Distinguished Professor in Public Health and Medicine at the University of Texas School of Public Health. She is the author of many books, including Evaluating the Healthcare System: Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Equity (1st ed., 1993; 2nd ed., 1998; 3rd ed., 2004); At Risk in America: The Health and Health Care Needs of Vulnerable Populations in the United States (1st ed., 1993; 2nd ed., 2001); and Reinventing Public Health: Policies and Practices for a Healthy Nation (2005). Dr. Aday is a fellow of AcademyHealth (formerly the Association for Health Services Research) and a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. LLEWELLYN JOSEPH CORNELIUS, PHD, is Professor of Social Work, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Social Work. He is also Associate Director of the Institute for Human Services Policy. He has been a visiting scholar at the University of Ghana-Legon, School of Public Health, Department of Sociology and the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health. He also has been a fellow in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.

• Figures, Tables, and Exhibits viiForeword by Steven B. Cohen xiPreface xvThe Authors xxi1 Thinking About Topics for Health Surveys 12 Matching the Survey Design to Survey Objectives 273 Defining and Clarifying the Survey Variables 484 Thinking Through the Relationships Between Variables 815 Choosing the Methods of Data Collection 1006 Deciding Who Will Be in the Sample 1247 Deciding How Many Will Be in the Sample 1548 General Principles for Formulating Questions 1949 Formulating Questions About Health 22110 Formulating Questions About Demographics and Behavior 24511 Formulating Questions About Knowledge and Attitudes 26812 Guidelines for Formatting the Questionnaire 28813 Monitoring and Carrying Out the Survey 31114 Preparing the Data for Analysis 34015 Planning and Implementing the Analysis of the Data 36016 Writing the Research Report 391Resource A: Personal Interview Survey: UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2)—End-Decade Study 405Resource B: Telephone Interview Survey: California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)—2001 407Resource C: Mail Questionnaire Survey: National Dental Malpractice Survey 408Resource D: Selected Sources on Health Surveys 433Resource E: Selected Examples of Health Surveys 442References 451Name Index 495Subject Index 505