Hans Joachim Kramer is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tubingen. Co-founder, with Conrad Gaiser, and Director of the Platon-Archiv of the Philological Institute of the University of Tubingen, he has been actively publishing in the field of Platonic research for over 30 years. John R. Catan is Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York, College at Brockport.

• Preface to the American Edition by Hans J. KramerPreface to the Italian Edition by Hans J. KramerIntroduction: The "Italian Plato" of Hans KramerNote by the Translator of the American EditionAbbreviationsPart One: The Loss and Recovery of the Indirect Platonic Tradition: The Position of Schleiermacher and Its Consequences1. The Arguments of Schleiermacher in the Introductions to the Translation of PlatoThe Essential Relations between the Artistic Form and the Philosophical Content in Plato According to SchleiermacherThe Interpretation of the Phaedrus Proposed by Schleiermacher and Its InadequacyThe Meaning of the Criticism of Writing in the Phaedrus According to Modern Followers of Schleiermacher and the Interpretation of the School of TubingenThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Seventh Letter and the References in the Dialogues to the Unwritten DoctrinesThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Unwritten Doctrines and the Indirect Tradition2. Schleiermacher's Premises Inspired by the Idealistic Philosophy of IdentityThe Historical and Theoretical Conditions of the Plato of SchleiermacherThe Genesis of the Hermeneutic Presupposition of the Autonomy of the Written Works in SchleiermacherThe Romantic Conception of the Unity of Art and Philosophy as a Fundamental Presupposition of the Interpretation of Plato by SchleiermacherThe Role of F. Schlegel in the Formation of Schleiermacher's Interpretation of PlatoThe Affinities and Convergences of the Theoretical Positions of Schleiermacher and SchellingConcluding Summary3. The Ascent and Crisis of SchleiermacherianismThe First Dissenting VoicesE. ZellerP. Shorey and H. ChernissThe Reaction of the Twentieth Century (L. Robin, H. Gomperz, School of Tubingen, J.N. Findlay)The School of Tubingen and the New Method of Research Introduced by ItThe Convergence of the Researches of J.N. Findlay with the Acquisitions of the School of Tubingen4. On the Methodology and the Standards of Argument of Modern SchleiermacherianismThe Problem of AuthenticityThe Criterion of ContradictionThe Problem of the Doxographic TraditionsThe Value of the Self-Testimonies of PlatoTo Write on the Unwritten DoctrinesMethod and Ideology5. Conclusion: The Relation between the Direct and Indirect Platonic Tradition and the Significance of the Platonic DialoguesThe Structural Relations between the Direct and Indirect TraditionThe Significance of the Platonic DialoguePart Two: The Philosophical Structure of the Platonic Theory of the Principles, Its Content, and Its Historical Significance6. The Unified Structure of Platonic PhilosophyThe Theory of the Principles as the Ultimate Foundation that Goes Beyond the Theory of IdeasThe Original Bipolarity of the Principles (Unity and Multiplicity)Being as a Mixture of Unity and MultiplicityThe Different Levels of the Constitution of BeingThe Construction of Mathematical, Geometrical, and Stereometrical RealitiesThe Categorial Division and Its SignificanceThe Process of the Reduction to the Elements and the Process of Generalization (the Principles as Elements and Genera)The Regressive and Derivative Procedures (ratio cognoscendi and ratio essendi)The Four Levels of Reality, Their Relations, and Their Internal StructuresThe Doctrine of the Principles as the Foundation of All the Spheres of Being and the Doctrine of a Universal ScienceThe Axiological Significance of the Theory of Principles and the FIrst Formulation of the Theory of the TranscendentalsThe Operational Polyvalence of the PrinciplesThe Dialectical MethodThe Type of System and the Type of Theory that Belong to Platonic PhilosophyThe Claim of Validity of the Platonic Systematic7. The Relation of the Unwritten Doctrines to the DialoguesThe Problem of the Evolution of the Philosophy of PlatoThe RepublicThe Phaedo and the SymposiumThe ParmenidesThe Dialogues Later than the Parmenides: The Sophist, Timaeus, Philebus, Statesman, and the LawsAllusions to Some Dialogues of the First PhaseConclusions8. The Place of the Theory of the Principles in the History of Ancient PhilosophyRelations with the Presocratics and SocratesRelations with AristotleRelations with Hellenism and with NeoplatonismPart Three: The Philosophical Implications of the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Viewpoints for Its Interpretation9. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Analytic PhilosophyAnalysis of the Platonic Theory of the Principles from the Linguistic Viewpointanalysis of the Platonic Theory of Principles from the Methodological-Logical StandpointThe Third Man Argument in the Light of Recent ResearchThe Platonic Theory of the Principles as a Philosophical Axiomatic10. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Trancendental PhilosophyThe Comparison between Platonism and Criticism Made by the School of MarburgThe Further Perspectives Opened by the School of Tubingen: the Role of the Tanscendental Foundation to the Platonic PrinciplesStarting Points Concerning the Theory of the Subject in Plato and Their LimitsThe Problem of the Justification of the Validity of Knowledge in Transcendental Philosophy and PlatoThe Theory of the Constitution of Reality in Kant and PlatoThe Progressive Procedure and the Regressive Procedure in Kant and in PlatoThe Conception of System in the Unwritten Doctrines of Plato and Its Relation with the Modern and Transcendental ConceptionConclusion: Historical Antecedents of Transcendental Philosophy in Platonic Ontology11. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of HegelianismA Comparison between the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Hegel's LogicIdentity and Difference in Hegel and the Unwritten Doctrines of PlatoThe Linear Progression and Nexuses of the System in Plato and HegelThe Coherence Theory of Truth in Plato and in HegelConcluding Remarks with Special Regard to the Concept of Measure in Plato and Hegel12. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Phenomenology and the Philosophy of HeideggerContacts and Divergences between Platonism and PhenomenologyThe Theory of the Principles in the Pre-phenomenological Phase of HusserlThe Theory of the Principles in the Phenomenological Writings of HusserlThe Platonic Theory of the Principles and Heideggerian OntologyPart Four: Conclusions: Illusion of PLato or Agony of Schleiermacherianism?13. On the Problem of the Theoretical Evaluation of the Unwritten DoctrinesThe New Total Picture of PlatoThe Relations between the New Total Picture of Plato and the Principal Currents of Contemporary PhilosophyThe Systematic Evaluation of the Theory of the Principles of PlatoAppendices1. The "Self-Testimonies" of PlatoPlato, Phaedrus 274B6-278E3Plaro, Epistle VII 340B1-345C32. The References of the Platonic Writings to Selected Unwritten DoctrinesPlato, Protagoras 356E8-357C1Plato, Meno 76E3-77B1Plato, Phaedo 107B4-10Plato, Republic

Hans Joachim Kramer is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tubingen. Co-founder, with Conrad Gaiser, and Director of the Platon-Archiv of the Philological Institute of the University of Tubingen, he has been actively publishing in the field of Platonic research for over 30 years. John R. Catan is Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York, College at Brockport.

• Preface to the American Edition by Hans J. KramerPreface to the Italian Edition by Hans J. KramerIntroduction: The "Italian Plato" of Hans KramerNote by the Translator of the American EditionAbbreviationsPart One: The Loss and Recovery of the Indirect Platonic Tradition: The Position of Schleiermacher and Its Consequences1. The Arguments of Schleiermacher in the Introductions to the Translation of PlatoThe Essential Relations between the Artistic Form and the Philosophical Content in Plato According to SchleiermacherThe Interpretation of the Phaedrus Proposed by Schleiermacher and Its InadequacyThe Meaning of the Criticism of Writing in the Phaedrus According to Modern Followers of Schleiermacher and the Interpretation of the School of TubingenThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Seventh Letter and the References in the Dialogues to the Unwritten DoctrinesThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Unwritten Doctrines and the Indirect Tradition2. Schleiermacher's Premises Inspired by the Idealistic Philosophy of IdentityThe Historical and Theoretical Conditions of the Plato of SchleiermacherThe Genesis of the Hermeneutic Presupposition of the Autonomy of the Written Works in SchleiermacherThe Romantic Conception of the Unity of Art and Philosophy as a Fundamental Presupposition of the Interpretation of Plato by SchleiermacherThe Role of F. Schlegel in the Formation of Schleiermacher's Interpretation of PlatoThe Affinities and Convergences of the Theoretical Positions of Schleiermacher and SchellingConcluding Summary3. The Ascent and Crisis of SchleiermacherianismThe First Dissenting VoicesE. ZellerP. Shorey and H. ChernissThe Reaction of the Twentieth Century (L. Robin, H. Gomperz, School of Tubingen, J.N. Findlay)The School of Tubingen and the New Method of Research Introduced by ItThe Convergence of the Researches of J.N. Findlay with the Acquisitions of the School of Tubingen4. On the Methodology and the Standards of Argument of Modern SchleiermacherianismThe Problem of AuthenticityThe Criterion of ContradictionThe Problem of the Doxographic TraditionsThe Value of the Self-Testimonies of PlatoTo Write on the Unwritten DoctrinesMethod and Ideology5. Conclusion: The Relation between the Direct and Indirect Platonic Tradition and the Significance of the Platonic DialoguesThe Structural Relations between the Direct and Indirect TraditionThe Significance of the Platonic DialoguePart Two: The Philosophical Structure of the Platonic Theory of the Principles, Its Content, and Its Historical Significance6. The Unified Structure of Platonic PhilosophyThe Theory of the Principles as the Ultimate Foundation that Goes Beyond the Theory of IdeasThe Original Bipolarity of the Principles (Unity and Multiplicity)Being as a Mixture of Unity and MultiplicityThe Different Levels of the Constitution of BeingThe Construction of Mathematical, Geometrical, and Stereometrical RealitiesThe Categorial Division and Its SignificanceThe Process of the Reduction to the Elements and the Process of Generalization (the Principles as Elements and Genera)The Regressive and Derivative Procedures (ratio cognoscendi and ratio essendi)The Four Levels of Reality, Their Relations, and Their Internal StructuresThe Doctrine of the Principles as the Foundation of All the Spheres of Being and the Doctrine of a Universal ScienceThe Axiological Significance of the Theory of Principles and the FIrst Formulation of the Theory of the TranscendentalsThe Operational Polyvalence of the PrinciplesThe Dialectical MethodThe Type of System and the Type of Theory that Belong to Platonic PhilosophyThe Claim of Validity of the Platonic Systematic7. The Relation of the Unwritten Doctrines to the DialoguesThe Problem of the Evolution of the Philosophy of PlatoThe RepublicThe Phaedo and the SymposiumThe ParmenidesThe Dialogues Later than the Parmenides: The Sophist, Timaeus, Philebus, Statesman, and the LawsAllusions to Some Dialogues of the First PhaseConclusions8. The Place of the Theory of the Principles in the History of Ancient PhilosophyRelations with the Presocratics and SocratesRelations with AristotleRelations with Hellenism and with NeoplatonismPart Three: The Philosophical Implications of the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Viewpoints for Its Interpretation9. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Analytic PhilosophyAnalysis of the Platonic Theory of the Principles from the Linguistic Viewpointanalysis of the Platonic Theory of Principles from the Methodological-Logical StandpointThe Third Man Argument in the Light of Recent ResearchThe Platonic Theory of the Principles as a Philosophical Axiomatic10. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Trancendental PhilosophyThe Comparison between Platonism and Criticism Made by the School of MarburgThe Further Perspectives Opened by the School of Tubingen: the Role of the Tanscendental Foundation to the Platonic PrinciplesStarting Points Concerning the Theory of the Subject in Plato and Their LimitsThe Problem of the Justification of the Validity of Knowledge in Transcendental Philosophy and PlatoThe Theory of the Constitution of Reality in Kant and PlatoThe Progressive Procedure and the Regressive Procedure in Kant and in PlatoThe Conception of System in the Unwritten Doctrines of Plato and Its Relation with the Modern and Transcendental ConceptionConclusion: Historical Antecedents of Transcendental Philosophy in Platonic Ontology11. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of HegelianismA Comparison between the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Hegel's LogicIdentity and Difference in Hegel and the Unwritten Doctrines of PlatoThe Linear Progression and Nexuses of the System in Plato and HegelThe Coherence Theory of Truth in Plato and in HegelConcluding Remarks with Special Regard to the Concept of Measure in Plato and Hegel12. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Phenomenology and the Philosophy of HeideggerContacts and Divergences between Platonism and PhenomenologyThe Theory of the Principles in the Pre-phenomenological Phase of HusserlThe Theory of the Principles in the Phenomenological Writings of HusserlThe Platonic Theory of the Principles and Heideggerian OntologyPart Four: Conclusions: Illusion of PLato or Agony of Schleiermacherianism?13. On the Problem of the Theoretical Evaluation of the Unwritten DoctrinesThe New Total Picture of PlatoThe Relations between the New Total Picture of Plato and the Principal Currents of Contemporary PhilosophyThe Systematic Evaluation of the Theory of the Principles of PlatoAppendices1. The "Self-Testimonies" of PlatoPlato, Phaedrus 274B6-278E3Plaro, Epistle VII 340B1-345C32. The References of the Platonic Writings to Selected Unwritten DoctrinesPlato, Protagoras 356E8-357C1Plato, Meno 76E3-77B1Plato, Phaedo 107B4-10Plato, Republic

Hans Joachim Kramer is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tubingen. Co-founder, with Conrad Gaiser, and Director of the Platon-Archiv of the Philological Institute of the University of Tubingen, he has been actively publishing in the field of Platonic research for over 30 years. John R. Catan is Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York, College at Brockport.

• Preface to the American Edition by Hans J. KramerPreface to the Italian Edition by Hans J. KramerIntroduction: The "Italian Plato" of Hans KramerNote by the Translator of the American EditionAbbreviationsPart One: The Loss and Recovery of the Indirect Platonic Tradition: The Position of Schleiermacher and Its Consequences1. The Arguments of Schleiermacher in the Introductions to the Translation of PlatoThe Essential Relations between the Artistic Form and the Philosophical Content in Plato According to SchleiermacherThe Interpretation of the Phaedrus Proposed by Schleiermacher and Its InadequacyThe Meaning of the Criticism of Writing in the Phaedrus According to Modern Followers of Schleiermacher and the Interpretation of the School of TubingenThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Seventh Letter and the References in the Dialogues to the Unwritten DoctrinesThe Position of Schleiermacher in Relation to the Unwritten Doctrines and the Indirect Tradition2. Schleiermacher's Premises Inspired by the Idealistic Philosophy of IdentityThe Historical and Theoretical Conditions of the Plato of SchleiermacherThe Genesis of the Hermeneutic Presupposition of the Autonomy of the Written Works in SchleiermacherThe Romantic Conception of the Unity of Art and Philosophy as a Fundamental Presupposition of the Interpretation of Plato by SchleiermacherThe Role of F. Schlegel in the Formation of Schleiermacher's Interpretation of PlatoThe Affinities and Convergences of the Theoretical Positions of Schleiermacher and SchellingConcluding Summary3. The Ascent and Crisis of SchleiermacherianismThe First Dissenting VoicesE. ZellerP. Shorey and H. ChernissThe Reaction of the Twentieth Century (L. Robin, H. Gomperz, School of Tubingen, J.N. Findlay)The School of Tubingen and the New Method of Research Introduced by ItThe Convergence of the Researches of J.N. Findlay with the Acquisitions of the School of Tubingen4. On the Methodology and the Standards of Argument of Modern SchleiermacherianismThe Problem of AuthenticityThe Criterion of ContradictionThe Problem of the Doxographic TraditionsThe Value of the Self-Testimonies of PlatoTo Write on the Unwritten DoctrinesMethod and Ideology5. Conclusion: The Relation between the Direct and Indirect Platonic Tradition and the Significance of the Platonic DialoguesThe Structural Relations between the Direct and Indirect TraditionThe Significance of the Platonic DialoguePart Two: The Philosophical Structure of the Platonic Theory of the Principles, Its Content, and Its Historical Significance6. The Unified Structure of Platonic PhilosophyThe Theory of the Principles as the Ultimate Foundation that Goes Beyond the Theory of IdeasThe Original Bipolarity of the Principles (Unity and Multiplicity)Being as a Mixture of Unity and MultiplicityThe Different Levels of the Constitution of BeingThe Construction of Mathematical, Geometrical, and Stereometrical RealitiesThe Categorial Division and Its SignificanceThe Process of the Reduction to the Elements and the Process of Generalization (the Principles as Elements and Genera)The Regressive and Derivative Procedures (ratio cognoscendi and ratio essendi)The Four Levels of Reality, Their Relations, and Their Internal StructuresThe Doctrine of the Principles as the Foundation of All the Spheres of Being and the Doctrine of a Universal ScienceThe Axiological Significance of the Theory of Principles and the FIrst Formulation of the Theory of the TranscendentalsThe Operational Polyvalence of the PrinciplesThe Dialectical MethodThe Type of System and the Type of Theory that Belong to Platonic PhilosophyThe Claim of Validity of the Platonic Systematic7. The Relation of the Unwritten Doctrines to the DialoguesThe Problem of the Evolution of the Philosophy of PlatoThe RepublicThe Phaedo and the SymposiumThe ParmenidesThe Dialogues Later than the Parmenides: The Sophist, Timaeus, Philebus, Statesman, and the LawsAllusions to Some Dialogues of the First PhaseConclusions8. The Place of the Theory of the Principles in the History of Ancient PhilosophyRelations with the Presocratics and SocratesRelations with AristotleRelations with Hellenism and with NeoplatonismPart Three: The Philosophical Implications of the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Viewpoints for Its Interpretation9. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Analytic PhilosophyAnalysis of the Platonic Theory of the Principles from the Linguistic Viewpointanalysis of the Platonic Theory of Principles from the Methodological-Logical StandpointThe Third Man Argument in the Light of Recent ResearchThe Platonic Theory of the Principles as a Philosophical Axiomatic10. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Trancendental PhilosophyThe Comparison between Platonism and Criticism Made by the School of MarburgThe Further Perspectives Opened by the School of Tubingen: the Role of the Tanscendental Foundation to the Platonic PrinciplesStarting Points Concerning the Theory of the Subject in Plato and Their LimitsThe Problem of the Justification of the Validity of Knowledge in Transcendental Philosophy and PlatoThe Theory of the Constitution of Reality in Kant and PlatoThe Progressive Procedure and the Regressive Procedure in Kant and in PlatoThe Conception of System in the Unwritten Doctrines of Plato and Its Relation with the Modern and Transcendental ConceptionConclusion: Historical Antecedents of Transcendental Philosophy in Platonic Ontology11. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of HegelianismA Comparison between the Platonic Theory of the Principles and Hegel's LogicIdentity and Difference in Hegel and the Unwritten Doctrines of PlatoThe Linear Progression and Nexuses of the System in Plato and HegelThe Coherence Theory of Truth in Plato and in HegelConcluding Remarks with Special Regard to the Concept of Measure in Plato and Hegel12. The Theory of the Principles in the Light of Phenomenology and the Philosophy of HeideggerContacts and Divergences between Platonism and PhenomenologyThe Theory of the Principles in the Pre-phenomenological Phase of HusserlThe Theory of the Principles in the Phenomenological Writings of HusserlThe Platonic Theory of the Principles and Heideggerian OntologyPart Four: Conclusions: Illusion of PLato or Agony of Schleiermacherianism?13. On the Problem of the Theoretical Evaluation of the Unwritten DoctrinesThe New Total Picture of PlatoThe Relations between the New Total Picture of Plato and the Principal Currents of Contemporary PhilosophyThe Systematic Evaluation of the Theory of the Principles of PlatoAppendices1. The "Self-Testimonies" of PlatoPlato, Phaedrus 274B6-278E3Plaro, Epistle VII 340B1-345C32. The References of the Platonic Writings to Selected Unwritten DoctrinesPlato, Protagoras 356E8-357C1Plato, Meno 76E3-77B1Plato, Phaedo 107B4-10Plato, Republic