Roger T. Ames is Professor of Chinese Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, and edits the journal Philosophy East & West. His major publications include Thinking Through Confucius (with David L. Hall), Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (edited with J. Baird Callicott), Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), and Self as Person in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), all published by SUNY Press.

• Preface Introduction 1. Philosophy of HistoryConfucius and the Confucian Conception of HistoryLao Tzu and the Taoist Conception of HistoryShang Yang and the Legalist Conception of HistoryThe Huai Nan Tzu's Conception of HistoryThe Art of Rulership's Conception of History 2. WU-WEI (Nonaction/Doing Nothing/Acting Naturally)Wu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Confucian TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Taoist TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Legalist TextsWu-wei in The Art of Rulership 3. SHIH (Strategic Advantage/Political Purchase)Development of Shih as a Special Military TermDevelopment of Shih as a Special Legalist TermShih in The Art of Rulership 4. FA (Penal Law)Fa in Pre-Ch'in Political PhilosophyFa in The Art of Rulership 5. YUNG CHUNG (Utilizing the People)Yung Chung in the Lü-shih ch'un-ch'iu and Han Fei TzuYung Chung in The Art of RulershipConclusion 6. LI MIN (Benefiting the People)Self-Interest (Szu Li)Benefiting the People (Li Min) HUAI NAN TZU, Book Nine: The Art of Rulership Notes Bibliography Glossary Index

Roger T. Ames is Professor of Chinese Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, and edits the journal Philosophy East & West. His major publications include Thinking Through Confucius (with David L. Hall), Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (edited with J. Baird Callicott), Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), and Self as Person in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), all published by SUNY Press.

• Preface Introduction 1. Philosophy of HistoryConfucius and the Confucian Conception of HistoryLao Tzu and the Taoist Conception of HistoryShang Yang and the Legalist Conception of HistoryThe Huai Nan Tzu's Conception of HistoryThe Art of Rulership's Conception of History 2. WU-WEI (Nonaction/Doing Nothing/Acting Naturally)Wu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Confucian TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Taoist TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Legalist TextsWu-wei in The Art of Rulership 3. SHIH (Strategic Advantage/Political Purchase)Development of Shih as a Special Military TermDevelopment of Shih as a Special Legalist TermShih in The Art of Rulership 4. FA (Penal Law)Fa in Pre-Ch'in Political PhilosophyFa in The Art of Rulership 5. YUNG CHUNG (Utilizing the People)Yung Chung in the Lü-shih ch'un-ch'iu and Han Fei TzuYung Chung in The Art of RulershipConclusion 6. LI MIN (Benefiting the People)Self-Interest (Szu Li)Benefiting the People (Li Min) HUAI NAN TZU, Book Nine: The Art of Rulership Notes Bibliography Glossary Index

Roger T. Ames is Professor of Chinese Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, and edits the journal Philosophy East & West. His major publications include Thinking Through Confucius (with David L. Hall), Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy (edited with J. Baird Callicott), Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), and Self as Person in Asian Theory and Practice (edited with T. P. Kasulis and W. Dissanayake), all published by SUNY Press.

• Preface Introduction 1. Philosophy of HistoryConfucius and the Confucian Conception of HistoryLao Tzu and the Taoist Conception of HistoryShang Yang and the Legalist Conception of HistoryThe Huai Nan Tzu's Conception of HistoryThe Art of Rulership's Conception of History 2. WU-WEI (Nonaction/Doing Nothing/Acting Naturally)Wu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Confucian TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Taoist TextsWu-wei in Pre-Ch'in Legalist TextsWu-wei in The Art of Rulership 3. SHIH (Strategic Advantage/Political Purchase)Development of Shih as a Special Military TermDevelopment of Shih as a Special Legalist TermShih in The Art of Rulership 4. FA (Penal Law)Fa in Pre-Ch'in Political PhilosophyFa in The Art of Rulership 5. YUNG CHUNG (Utilizing the People)Yung Chung in the Lü-shih ch'un-ch'iu and Han Fei TzuYung Chung in The Art of RulershipConclusion 6. LI MIN (Benefiting the People)Self-Interest (Szu Li)Benefiting the People (Li Min) HUAI NAN TZU, Book Nine: The Art of Rulership Notes Bibliography Glossary Index