Carol K. Winkler is Department Chair and Professor of Communication at Georgia State University. She is the coauthor (with William Newman and David Birdsell) of Lines of Argument for Policy Debate.

• Acknowledgments 1. What’s in a Name? Presidential Discourse and Terrorism Terrorism and Ideology 2. The Vietnam War and the Communist Terrorists Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Vietnam War Terrorism and Ideology 3. The Iranian Hostage Crisis: An American Tragedy Labeling the Captors The Narrative of the Iranian Hostage Crisis Ideology and the Iranian Hostage Crisis 4. Origins of Terrorism as an American Ideograph: The Reagan Era Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Reagan Era Terrorism and Ideology 5. The Persian Gulf Conflict of 1991: The Cold War Narrative in the Post-Cold War Era Labeling the Crisis The Narrative of the 1991 Persian Gulf Crisis Ideology and Persian Gulf Terrorism 6. Terrorism and the Clinton Era: A Prophetic Moment Labeling the Threat Clinton’s Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 7. America under Attack: George W. Bush and Noncitizen Actors Labeling the Crisis The Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 8. Terrorism and American Culture Notes Works Cited Index

Carol K. Winkler is Department Chair and Professor of Communication at Georgia State University. She is the coauthor (with William Newman and David Birdsell) of Lines of Argument for Policy Debate.

• Acknowledgments 1. What’s in a Name? Presidential Discourse and Terrorism Terrorism and Ideology 2. The Vietnam War and the Communist Terrorists Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Vietnam War Terrorism and Ideology 3. The Iranian Hostage Crisis: An American Tragedy Labeling the Captors The Narrative of the Iranian Hostage Crisis Ideology and the Iranian Hostage Crisis 4. Origins of Terrorism as an American Ideograph: The Reagan Era Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Reagan Era Terrorism and Ideology 5. The Persian Gulf Conflict of 1991: The Cold War Narrative in the Post-Cold War Era Labeling the Crisis The Narrative of the 1991 Persian Gulf Crisis Ideology and Persian Gulf Terrorism 6. Terrorism and the Clinton Era: A Prophetic Moment Labeling the Threat Clinton’s Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 7. America under Attack: George W. Bush and Noncitizen Actors Labeling the Crisis The Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 8. Terrorism and American Culture Notes Works Cited Index

Carol K. Winkler is Department Chair and Professor of Communication at Georgia State University. She is the coauthor (with William Newman and David Birdsell) of Lines of Argument for Policy Debate.

• Acknowledgments 1. What’s in a Name? Presidential Discourse and Terrorism Terrorism and Ideology 2. The Vietnam War and the Communist Terrorists Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Vietnam War Terrorism and Ideology 3. The Iranian Hostage Crisis: An American Tragedy Labeling the Captors The Narrative of the Iranian Hostage Crisis Ideology and the Iranian Hostage Crisis 4. Origins of Terrorism as an American Ideograph: The Reagan Era Labeling the Threat The Terrorist Narrative in the Reagan Era Terrorism and Ideology 5. The Persian Gulf Conflict of 1991: The Cold War Narrative in the Post-Cold War Era Labeling the Crisis The Narrative of the 1991 Persian Gulf Crisis Ideology and Persian Gulf Terrorism 6. Terrorism and the Clinton Era: A Prophetic Moment Labeling the Threat Clinton’s Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 7. America under Attack: George W. Bush and Noncitizen Actors Labeling the Crisis The Terrorist Narrative Terrorism and Ideology 8. Terrorism and American Culture Notes Works Cited Index