From Development to Dictatorship

Thomas C. Field Jr. is Assistant Professor of Global Security and Intelligence Studies at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.

A compelling local portrait of the violence that anticommunist development brought on the Bolivian left, the fracturing of the country's nationalist and revolutionary parties under the pressures of U.S. intervention, and the forms of political mobilization that the Bolivian state fought and cultivated in the Andean mines and villages.- Amy C. Offner (H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews) A splendid piece of scholarship. Extensively and inventively researched, engagingly narrated, and consistently thought-provoking, this is an example of international history at its best... gripping in a manner that is rarely found in academic studies... a highly impressive achievement.- Thomas Tunstall Allcock (H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews) A tremendous contribution to the historiography.- Philip E. Muehlenbeck (H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews) Field emphasizes that it was Washington's relentless promotion of modernization schemes by any means necessary that drove Bolivia to the brink of civil war. This superb study serves as a model for future explorations of the Alliance for Progress in Latin America.- Stephen M. Streeter (Journal of American History) Field shows how U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) funding was employed to arm peasant militias against militant miners, all in the name of development. Field's book is well-researched and his work benefits from a deep engagement with Bolivia.- Andrew J. Kirkendall (H-Diplo Essay) Field's extensive multi-archival research allows him to provide a highly detailed account of Bolivia's military rebellion and the government's overthrow in 1964 and incorporate the perspectives of various actors into his analysis. He persuasively argues that, in Bolivia, US implementation of the Alliance for Progress was contingent on an 'approach that was authoritarian from the beginning' and can best be characterized as 'arrogant interventionism, backed up cynically by the language of development and modernization.' Field's comprehensive use of archival material has enabled him to produce a compelling case study of the Alliance for Progress that provides new insights into the causal link between development and authoritarianism. His nuanced analysis has resulted in insightful conclusions that reveal the important intersection of ideology and strategy within Cold War international relations.- Mark Seddon (International History Review) This is international history at its best with insight that has implications well beyond the immediate country. Highly recommended.- J. P. Dunn (Choice Magazine) This is very well written with primary sources, not classic leftist cliché, but with declassified documents, USAID reports, and US government reports. Thomas Field paints the portrait of a Bolivian government genuflecting before foreign imposition. I want to congratulate him for this study. It's like reading a novel, which is why I was able to read it so quickly. It takes you in quickly.- Bolivian Vice President Álvaro García Linera (Discurso Presidencial) Field has written an excellent book on two key areas of US foreign relations: the history of development and USA–Latin American relations. Even as the majority of works on development focus on the non-Latin American parts of the Third World, Field shows the reader the importance of understanding how economic development worked or did not work during the 'high tide' of the implementation of Modernization Theory in Latin America.- James F. Siekmeier, West Virginia University (Journal of Contemporary History)

• Introduction: Ideology as Strategy1. Modernization's Heavy Hand: The Triangular Plan for Bolivia2. Development as Anticommunism: The Targeting of Bolivian Labor3. "Bitter Medicine": Military Civic Action and the Battle of Irupata4. Development's Detractors: Miners, Housewives, and the Hostage Crisis at Siglo XX5. Seeds of Revolt: The Making of an Antiauthoritarian Front6. Revolutionary Bolivia Puts On a Uniform: The 1964 Bolivian Coup d'ÉtatConclusion: Development and Its Discontents