Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations

Sheldon X. Zhang is Professor and Chair of Sociology at San Diego State University. He is currently the principal investigator for two research grants funded by the California Department of Corrections and co-principal investigator on a large grant funded by the National Institute of Justice, the research arm of the U.S. Department of Justice.

"Zhang offers some very stark conclusions and recommendations . . . [An] important and timely book." - James O. Finckernauer "It is a path-breaking book . . . [T]his book is an important addition to a rising list of recent books to understand the international migration from China's Fujian province. It provides extremely valuable empirical knowledge about smuggling operation. Its innovative theoretical model proves to be very useful in explaining Chinese human smuggling and also holds potential for examining human smuggling in other settings as well." - Zai Lang (China Review International) "This highly informative and data-rich book sheds new light on a topical and popular criminological subject. It is highly recommended to all those who are interested in transnational crime studies." - Trends in Organized Crime "Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations is an important book that offers essential information for policy makers, law enforcement, and academics interested in this large and profitable illicit market." - University of Toronto

• Contents Prefacexxx Acknowledgmentsxxx PART ONE. SNAKEHEADS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1. Coming to America: Illegal Chinese Migration to the United States3 2. Becoming a Snakehead000 3. Recruitment, Preparation, and Departure000 4. Smuggling Activities in Transit000 5. Arrival and Payment Collection000 6. Making Money from Human Smuggling000 PART TWO. THE HUMAN SMUGGLING ORGANIZATION 7. Organizational and Operational Characteristics000 8. The Dyadic Cartwheel Network000 9. Human Smuggling and Traditional Chinese Organized Crime000 10. Women and Chinese Human Smuggling000 11. Future of Chinese Human Smuggling000 Appendix A: Research Sites000 Appendix B: Research Method000 Notes000 Glossary000 References000 Index000 Tables, Figures, and Maps Tables 2.1. Demographics of Snakehead Subjects000 2.2. Subjects' Employment Status000 2.3. Involvement in Smuggling Activities000 6.1. Smuggling Fees and Earnings000 6.2. Prices of Specific Smuggling Services000 7.1. Characteristics of Smuggling Organizations000 7.2. Roles in Smuggling Business000 9.1. A Comparison of Triad-Type Organizations and Human Smuggling Groups000 10.1. Demographics of Snakehead Subjects by Gender000 10.2. Method of Entry, Source of Clients and Motives by Gender000 10.3. Primary Specialties in Smuggling Business by Gender000 Figures 7.1. Smuggling Task Force Formation and Process of Operations000 8.1. The Dyadic Cartwheel Network--A Conceptual Diagram of Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations000 8.2. A Conceptual Diagram of the Task-Force Orientation of Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations000 10.1. A Schematic Diagram of the Conditional Market Perspective000 Maps 1.Map of China000 2.Map of Fujian Province000