Early Theological Writings

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) was perhaps the most systematic of the post-Kantian idealist German philosophers. T. M. Knox translated many of Hegel's works into English.

"With the appearance of this book the English-speaking world will learn something at first hand of the genesis of Hegel's ideas, the dominant intellectual themes of his youth, and the struggle of his penetrating, comprehensive mind to achieve clarity." (Philosophical Review) "In these youthful essays there appears a Hegel almost unknown to the textbooks-not the master theorizer but an existential thinker who at times can outexistentialize even Kierkegaard himself; not a monolithic rationalist but a brooding, perceptive romantic. The writer of these pages is no defender of 'The System''; he is more prophet than professor, and more seeker than seer." (Christian Century)

• Introduction: Hegel's Philosophical Development. By Richard KronerI. THE POSITIVITY OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION. Translated by T. M. KnoxPart I. How Christianity Became the Positive Religion of a Church1. Preface2. Position of the Jewish Religion3. Jesus4. Whence Came the Positive Element in Christianity?5. The Conception of a Sect6. The Teaching of Jesus7. Jesus Has Much To Say about His Own Individual Personality8. Jesus Speaks of Himself as the Messiah9. Miracles10. The Positive Element Derived from the Disciples11. The Disciples Contrasted with the Pupils of Socrates12. The Number of Disciples Fixed at Twelve13. The Disciples Sent Forth on Their Mission14. The Resurrection and the Commands Given Thereafter15. How the Teaching of Jesus Came To Be Interpreted in a Positive Sense16. What Is Applicable in a Small Society Is Unjust in a State17. Common Ownership of Goods18. Equality19. The Lord's Supper20. Expansionism21. How a Moral or Religious Society Grows into a State22. Conflict between Church and State: (a) In Matters Affecting Civil Rights Generally23. (b) In Matters Affecting Property24. (c) In Matters Affecting Education25. Two Incidental Remarks about Church and State Relations26. The Ecclesiastical Contract: Representation and the Power of the Citizens in Matters of Doctrine27. Contract with the State28. Defense of the Faith29. The Form Morality Must Acquire in a Church30. The Rise of Sects InevitablePart II. Materials for a Continuation of Part I1. "Is Judaea, Then, the Teutons' Fatherland?"2. How Christianity Conquered Paganism3. How a Disinclination for Military Service Helped the Success of Christianity4. MiraclesPart III. Revised Form of Sections 1-4 of Part I1. Preface2. Judaism3. JesusII. THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTIANITY AND ITS FATE. Translated by T. M. Knoxi. The Spirit of Judaismii. The Moral Teaching of Jesus: ([alpha]) The Sermon on the Mount Contrasted with the Mosaic Law and with Kant's Ethicsiii. The Moral Teaching of Jesus: ([beta]) Love as the Transcendence of Penal Justice and the Reconciliation of Fateiv. The Religious Teaching of Jesusv. The Fate of Jesus and His ChurchIII. LOVE. Tranlsated by T. M. KnoxIV. FRAGMENT OF A SYSTEM. Translated by Richard KronerAppendix. On Classical Studies. Translated by Richard KronerBibliographical Note. By Richard KronerIndex