Sophie White is Associate Professor in the Department of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame.

"An important book. . . White's work challenges prevailing understandings about how ideas of race took hold and exemplifies how material objects, maybe even more so than archival sources, can tell a story that complicates prevailing notions about the multicultural societies that comprised colonial America." (American Historical Review) "White does an admirable job of integrating clothing into a larger discussion of identity formation in this fluid borderland society, demonstrating clearly how understanding the use and ownership of textiles shaped individuals views of themselves and of each other." (Textile History) "There is much to be learned from the excellent Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians-its stories, arguments, and interpretations but also its creative and important methodology. . . . A shining example of the ways in which new forms of evidence, examined in talented hands, have the power to change the way we address big historical questions." (William and Mary Quarterly) "Those who want to know how to work in a history of material culture should run to buy this book. It is packed with detail about clothing White has laboriously mined in several languages, backed up by voluminous research in the secondary literature. And she encases it all in the framework of clearly worded theoretical concepts. The illustrations are spectacular." (Thomas Ingersoll, The Historian) "Historians dream of writing a book that will give us a new lens to make sense of the past. Sophie White has done that with Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians. Her insistence on finding a way to look at colonial people allows the rest of us to see them with a new clarity that reveals how much we have missed in the contested process that made race in the Atlantic World." (Emily Clark, Tulane University) "Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a brilliant book. With intelligence and precision, White examines a trove of fresh material culture evidence from the Upper Mississippi Valley and advances a new mode of analysis that goes deep into the possible meanings of Frenchness and Indianness, ultimately revealing a much slower timeline than scholars have claimed for the progression of racialized categories that foreclosed the possibility of identity transformation." (Kathleen Brown, University of Pennsylvania) "Drawing on French-language archival sources and an impressively interdisciplinary range of secondary literature, White argues that material culture-clothing and the clothed and groomed body-are central to understanding the complexity of the hybrid cultures of Upper and Lower Louisiana in the eighteenth century. Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a wonderfully original contribution to the English-language scholarship." (Ann M. Little, Colorado State University)

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionI. FRENCHIFICATION IN THE ILLINOIS COUNTRYChapter 1. "Their Manner of Living"Chapter 2. "Nothing of the Sauvage"Chapter 3. "One People and One God"II. FRENCHIFIED INDIANS AND WILD FRENCHMEN IN NEW ORLEANSChapter 4. "The First Creole from This Colony That We Have Received": Sister Ste. Marthe and the Limits of FrenchificationChapter 5: "To Ensure That He Not Give Himself Over to the Sauvages": Cleanliness, Grease, and Skin ColorChapter 6. "We Are All Sauvages": Frenchmen into Indians?Epilogue: "True French"List of AbbreviationsNotesBibliographyIndexAcknowledgments

Sophie White is Associate Professor in the Department of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame.

"An important book. . . White's work challenges prevailing understandings about how ideas of race took hold and exemplifies how material objects, maybe even more so than archival sources, can tell a story that complicates prevailing notions about the multicultural societies that comprised colonial America." (American Historical Review) "White does an admirable job of integrating clothing into a larger discussion of identity formation in this fluid borderland society, demonstrating clearly how understanding the use and ownership of textiles shaped individuals views of themselves and of each other." (Textile History) "There is much to be learned from the excellent Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians-its stories, arguments, and interpretations but also its creative and important methodology. . . . A shining example of the ways in which new forms of evidence, examined in talented hands, have the power to change the way we address big historical questions." (William and Mary Quarterly) "Those who want to know how to work in a history of material culture should run to buy this book. It is packed with detail about clothing White has laboriously mined in several languages, backed up by voluminous research in the secondary literature. And she encases it all in the framework of clearly worded theoretical concepts. The illustrations are spectacular." (Thomas Ingersoll, The Historian) "Historians dream of writing a book that will give us a new lens to make sense of the past. Sophie White has done that with Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians. Her insistence on finding a way to look at colonial people allows the rest of us to see them with a new clarity that reveals how much we have missed in the contested process that made race in the Atlantic World." (Emily Clark, Tulane University) "Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a brilliant book. With intelligence and precision, White examines a trove of fresh material culture evidence from the Upper Mississippi Valley and advances a new mode of analysis that goes deep into the possible meanings of Frenchness and Indianness, ultimately revealing a much slower timeline than scholars have claimed for the progression of racialized categories that foreclosed the possibility of identity transformation." (Kathleen Brown, University of Pennsylvania) "Drawing on French-language archival sources and an impressively interdisciplinary range of secondary literature, White argues that material culture-clothing and the clothed and groomed body-are central to understanding the complexity of the hybrid cultures of Upper and Lower Louisiana in the eighteenth century. Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a wonderfully original contribution to the English-language scholarship." (Ann M. Little, Colorado State University)

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionI. FRENCHIFICATION IN THE ILLINOIS COUNTRYChapter 1. "Their Manner of Living"Chapter 2. "Nothing of the Sauvage"Chapter 3. "One People and One God"II. FRENCHIFIED INDIANS AND WILD FRENCHMEN IN NEW ORLEANSChapter 4. "The First Creole from This Colony That We Have Received": Sister Ste. Marthe and the Limits of FrenchificationChapter 5: "To Ensure That He Not Give Himself Over to the Sauvages": Cleanliness, Grease, and Skin ColorChapter 6. "We Are All Sauvages": Frenchmen into Indians?Epilogue: "True French"List of AbbreviationsNotesBibliographyIndexAcknowledgments

Sophie White is Associate Professor in the Department of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame.

"An important book. . . White's work challenges prevailing understandings about how ideas of race took hold and exemplifies how material objects, maybe even more so than archival sources, can tell a story that complicates prevailing notions about the multicultural societies that comprised colonial America." (American Historical Review) "White does an admirable job of integrating clothing into a larger discussion of identity formation in this fluid borderland society, demonstrating clearly how understanding the use and ownership of textiles shaped individuals views of themselves and of each other." (Textile History) "There is much to be learned from the excellent Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians-its stories, arguments, and interpretations but also its creative and important methodology. . . . A shining example of the ways in which new forms of evidence, examined in talented hands, have the power to change the way we address big historical questions." (William and Mary Quarterly) "Those who want to know how to work in a history of material culture should run to buy this book. It is packed with detail about clothing White has laboriously mined in several languages, backed up by voluminous research in the secondary literature. And she encases it all in the framework of clearly worded theoretical concepts. The illustrations are spectacular." (Thomas Ingersoll, The Historian) "Historians dream of writing a book that will give us a new lens to make sense of the past. Sophie White has done that with Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians. Her insistence on finding a way to look at colonial people allows the rest of us to see them with a new clarity that reveals how much we have missed in the contested process that made race in the Atlantic World." (Emily Clark, Tulane University) "Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a brilliant book. With intelligence and precision, White examines a trove of fresh material culture evidence from the Upper Mississippi Valley and advances a new mode of analysis that goes deep into the possible meanings of Frenchness and Indianness, ultimately revealing a much slower timeline than scholars have claimed for the progression of racialized categories that foreclosed the possibility of identity transformation." (Kathleen Brown, University of Pennsylvania) "Drawing on French-language archival sources and an impressively interdisciplinary range of secondary literature, White argues that material culture-clothing and the clothed and groomed body-are central to understanding the complexity of the hybrid cultures of Upper and Lower Louisiana in the eighteenth century. Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians is a wonderfully original contribution to the English-language scholarship." (Ann M. Little, Colorado State University)

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionI. FRENCHIFICATION IN THE ILLINOIS COUNTRYChapter 1. "Their Manner of Living"Chapter 2. "Nothing of the Sauvage"Chapter 3. "One People and One God"II. FRENCHIFIED INDIANS AND WILD FRENCHMEN IN NEW ORLEANSChapter 4. "The First Creole from This Colony That We Have Received": Sister Ste. Marthe and the Limits of FrenchificationChapter 5: "To Ensure That He Not Give Himself Over to the Sauvages": Cleanliness, Grease, and Skin ColorChapter 6. "We Are All Sauvages": Frenchmen into Indians?Epilogue: "True French"List of AbbreviationsNotesBibliographyIndexAcknowledgments