Most studies on Latin America tend to dismiss anarchism as a prelude to populist and socialist movements. This collection illustrates a much more vast, differentiated, and active anarchist presence in the region that evolved on simultaneous-transnational, national, regional, and local-fronts.Representing a new wave of transnational scholarship, these essays examine urban and rural movements, indigenous resistance, race, gender, sexuality, and social and educational experimentation. The contributors offer a variety of perspectives on anarchism’s role in shaping ideas about nationalism, identity, organized labor, and counterculture across a wide swath of Latin America.