Joseph Takougang is associate professor in the Department of African- American Studies at the University of Cincinnati and Milton Krieger is a professor in the Department of Liberal Studies at Western Washington University.

• Illustrations, Acronyms, Acknowledgments, Preface: The Research Setting, Methodology, and Theory, Introduction: Cameroon's State and Society in African Context A Metaphor for Africa in the 1990s, Cameroon in Africa, 1960s-1990s: A Synopsis, Scholarship on the African and Cameroon State, State-Civil Society Scholarship in the 1990s, The Cameroon Scholarship, The Questions Ahead, Ahidjo and the Single-Party State, 1958-1982, The Emergence of Ahmadou Ahidjo, The Years of Trial, 1958-1962, Creating a Single-Party State, 1962-1966, From Single Party to United Republic, 1966-1972, Ahidjo's Presidential Monarchy, 1972-1982, Biya's Early Presidency, 1982-1986, From Ahidjo to Biya: The Transfer of Power, 1982, Disputed Succession and Legacy: Ahidjo and Biya, 1983-1984, The New Deal: Aspiration, Compromise, and Reality, The State Under Pressure, 1986-1990, Failed Promises and the Illusion of Reforms, Cameroon's Declining Economy, Global Politics and Domestic Demands for Reform, Crisis Years, 1991-1992, The Press, Opposition Challenge and Regime Response to Mid-1991, Villes Mortes/Ghost Towns, Mid-Late 1991, Political Parties and Mounting Tensions, The Balance of Forces, Late 1991, Legislative Electoral Test, Early 1992, Presidential Electoral Test, Late 1992, Impasse, 1993-1997 Party and Institutional Politics: The Early 1993 Profile, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: Anglophones, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: The North, Regional and Ethnic Politics Miscellany, 1993-1997, Constitutional Debate and Action, Institutional, Electoral, and Party Politics, 1995-1997, Cameroon and the Prospects for Democratization, Disarray in the Political Class: Principals and Auxiliaries, An Alternative Political Class?, Emergent Social Experience, Formations, and Alignments, Foreign Factors, Conclusion, Appendix, Bibliography, Index

Joseph Takougang is associate professor in the Department of African- American Studies at the University of Cincinnati and Milton Krieger is a professor in the Department of Liberal Studies at Western Washington University.

• Illustrations, Acronyms, Acknowledgments, Preface: The Research Setting, Methodology, and Theory, Introduction: Cameroon's State and Society in African Context A Metaphor for Africa in the 1990s, Cameroon in Africa, 1960s-1990s: A Synopsis, Scholarship on the African and Cameroon State, State-Civil Society Scholarship in the 1990s, The Cameroon Scholarship, The Questions Ahead, Ahidjo and the Single-Party State, 1958-1982, The Emergence of Ahmadou Ahidjo, The Years of Trial, 1958-1962, Creating a Single-Party State, 1962-1966, From Single Party to United Republic, 1966-1972, Ahidjo's Presidential Monarchy, 1972-1982, Biya's Early Presidency, 1982-1986, From Ahidjo to Biya: The Transfer of Power, 1982, Disputed Succession and Legacy: Ahidjo and Biya, 1983-1984, The New Deal: Aspiration, Compromise, and Reality, The State Under Pressure, 1986-1990, Failed Promises and the Illusion of Reforms, Cameroon's Declining Economy, Global Politics and Domestic Demands for Reform, Crisis Years, 1991-1992, The Press, Opposition Challenge and Regime Response to Mid-1991, Villes Mortes/Ghost Towns, Mid-Late 1991, Political Parties and Mounting Tensions, The Balance of Forces, Late 1991, Legislative Electoral Test, Early 1992, Presidential Electoral Test, Late 1992, Impasse, 1993-1997 Party and Institutional Politics: The Early 1993 Profile, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: Anglophones, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: The North, Regional and Ethnic Politics Miscellany, 1993-1997, Constitutional Debate and Action, Institutional, Electoral, and Party Politics, 1995-1997, Cameroon and the Prospects for Democratization, Disarray in the Political Class: Principals and Auxiliaries, An Alternative Political Class?, Emergent Social Experience, Formations, and Alignments, Foreign Factors, Conclusion, Appendix, Bibliography, Index

Joseph Takougang is associate professor in the Department of African- American Studies at the University of Cincinnati and Milton Krieger is a professor in the Department of Liberal Studies at Western Washington University.

• Illustrations, Acronyms, Acknowledgments, Preface: The Research Setting, Methodology, and Theory, Introduction: Cameroon's State and Society in African Context A Metaphor for Africa in the 1990s, Cameroon in Africa, 1960s-1990s: A Synopsis, Scholarship on the African and Cameroon State, State-Civil Society Scholarship in the 1990s, The Cameroon Scholarship, The Questions Ahead, Ahidjo and the Single-Party State, 1958-1982, The Emergence of Ahmadou Ahidjo, The Years of Trial, 1958-1962, Creating a Single-Party State, 1962-1966, From Single Party to United Republic, 1966-1972, Ahidjo's Presidential Monarchy, 1972-1982, Biya's Early Presidency, 1982-1986, From Ahidjo to Biya: The Transfer of Power, 1982, Disputed Succession and Legacy: Ahidjo and Biya, 1983-1984, The New Deal: Aspiration, Compromise, and Reality, The State Under Pressure, 1986-1990, Failed Promises and the Illusion of Reforms, Cameroon's Declining Economy, Global Politics and Domestic Demands for Reform, Crisis Years, 1991-1992, The Press, Opposition Challenge and Regime Response to Mid-1991, Villes Mortes/Ghost Towns, Mid-Late 1991, Political Parties and Mounting Tensions, The Balance of Forces, Late 1991, Legislative Electoral Test, Early 1992, Presidential Electoral Test, Late 1992, Impasse, 1993-1997 Party and Institutional Politics: The Early 1993 Profile, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: Anglophones, Regional and Ethnic Politics, 1993-1997: The North, Regional and Ethnic Politics Miscellany, 1993-1997, Constitutional Debate and Action, Institutional, Electoral, and Party Politics, 1995-1997, Cameroon and the Prospects for Democratization, Disarray in the Political Class: Principals and Auxiliaries, An Alternative Political Class?, Emergent Social Experience, Formations, and Alignments, Foreign Factors, Conclusion, Appendix, Bibliography, Index