Birds of Fire

Kevin Fellezs is Assistant Professor of Music at Columbia University.

“Fellezs succeeds in being both academic and a fan. He succeeds in bringing these four artists in from the margins while recognising their cross-cultural capital lies in their non-belonging to any mainstream discourse.” - Andy Robson, Jazzwise “Fellezs offers fascinating biographical detail and the kind of serious critical overview that the music has long deserved. His knowledge is impressive, his perspective thought-provoking, reflected in fascinating historical tidbits and observations. . . . [O]ne-of-a-kind, critical reading.” - Ken Micallef, Downbeat “. . . Birds of Fire (named for the second album by the Mahavishnu Orchestra) is actually a relatively easy read that posits some fascinating theories about how and why fusion developed and why it was embraced by some, castigated by others.” - Andrey Henkin, New York City Jazz Record "Kevin Fellezs's Birds of Fire gives a detailed history of the fusion movement of the 1960s and 1970s. . . . This is an excellent and engaging study of this under-represented musical idiom. . . . Birds of Fire will appeal to scholars and fans alike, with enough scholarly engagement for the former, and enough biographical and musical detail for the latter.” - Katherine Williams, Popular Music “More than a study of one underexplored market niche, Birds of Fire brilliantly illuminates how the market both inhibits and enables creativity, as well as how creative musicians challenge the music industry’s narrowing and naturalizing of complicated, constructed, conflicted, and deeply contradictory social identities.”-George Lipsitz, author of How Racism Takes Place “What a pleasure it is to read this insightful, exciting, and extremely well listened analysis of fusion music. Kevin Fellezs suggests new ways of understanding the four artists he profiles, develops a productive framework for rethinking fusion, and helps us to understand why artists and audiences were stimulated by this music even as it was dismissed by purists. Birds of Fire is a major contribution to rethinking the place of fusion within jazz studies, as well as broader questions of genre across disciplines.”-Sherrie Tucker, co-editor of Big Ears: Listening for Gender in Jazz Studies “Birds of Fire (named for the second album by the Mahavishnu Orchestra) is actually a relatively easy read that posits some fascinating theories about how and why fusion developed and why it was embraced by some, castigated by others.” - Andrey Henkin (New York City Jazz Record) “Fellezs offers fascinating biographical detail and the kind of serious critical overview that the music has long deserved. His knowledge is impressive, his perspective thought-provoking, reflected in fascinating historical tidbits and observations. . . . One-of-a-kind, critical reading.” - Ken Micallef (Downbeat) “Fellezs succeeds in being both academic and a fan. He succeeds in bringing these four artists in from the margins while recognising their cross-cultural capital lies in their non-belonging to any mainstream discourse.” - Andy Robson (Jazzwise)

• Acknowledgments xiIntroduction 11. Bitches Brew / considering genre 152. Where Have I Known You Before? / fusion's foundations 333. Vital Transformation / fusion's discontents 654. Emergency! / Tony Williams 915. Meeting of the Spirits / John McLaughlin 1236. Don Juan's Reckless Daughter / Joni Mitchell 1487. Chameleon / Herbie Hancock 183Conclusion 222Notes 229Bibliography 265Index 283