Peter Wade is Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and the author and editor of many books, including Mestizo Genomics, also published by Duke University Press, and Race: An Introduction.

“This book will be of great interest to historians of race in Latin America, as it is one of the first to extend the considerable scholarship on mestizaje and racial democracy (with its attendant debates) into a new era of genetics and genomics.… By opening a host of research paths for other scholars, the monograph proves itself to be ambitious and well executed.”- Kelly Urban (H-LatAm, H-Net Reviews) “Degrees of Mixture, Degrees of Freedom is an invaluable resource on the topic of race mixture for race scholars and Latin Americanists alike.” - G. Reginald Daniel (Hispanic American Historical Review) "Wade’s research probes the nexus of cutting-edge scientific research, historical memory, and socio-cultural scholarship. Scholars of modern Latin America, race, and the history of science will find much of use in this well written and conceptually ambitious study." - Alex K. Diamond (EIAL) "Overall, Wade creates a remarkably even-handed account, which is neither alarmist nor evangelistic about the potential for genomics to transform or reinforce racial ideologies. . . . the clear and concise descriptions of genetic theory and practices will serve as an excellent introduction to these concepts for uninitiated readers, and the book makes important contributions to existing social science discussions about the anti-racist and democratising potential of mixture and genomics in contemporary societies." - Sarah Abel (Journal of Latin American Studies) "Due to its breath and depth this is an essential book, one that will become a key academic reference about Latin American genomics, politics, and nationhood." - Ernesto Schwartz-Marin (Ethnohistory) "This book provides a significant and unusual contribution to the field of sciences by centering the analysis on Latin American scientists. For scholars of race in Latin America, Wade updates and complicates our understandings of how race has been made, unmade, and remade by scientists and policymakers."  - Nancy P. Appelbaum (Latin American Research Review)

• Preface  viiAcknowledgments  xiIntroduction. Mixture as a Biological Process  1I. Purity and Mixture1. Purity and Mixture in Human Population Genetics  272. From Eugenics to Blood Types  53II. Genetics and Multiculturalism3. Changing Practices  854. Colombia, Country of Regions  995. Brazil, Race, and Affirmative Action  1226. Mexico, Public Health, and State Genomics  1467. Genomics & Multiculturalism: Comparisons and Continuities  166III. Narrating Mixture8. Gender, Genealogy, and Mestizaje  1919. The Geneticization of Race and Diversity in Everyday Life 223Conclusion  258Notes  267References  273Index  315

Peter Wade is Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and the author and editor of many books, including Mestizo Genomics, also published by Duke University Press, and Race: An Introduction.

“This book will be of great interest to historians of race in Latin America, as it is one of the first to extend the considerable scholarship on mestizaje and racial democracy (with its attendant debates) into a new era of genetics and genomics.… By opening a host of research paths for other scholars, the monograph proves itself to be ambitious and well executed.”- Kelly Urban (H-LatAm, H-Net Reviews) “Degrees of Mixture, Degrees of Freedom is an invaluable resource on the topic of race mixture for race scholars and Latin Americanists alike.” - G. Reginald Daniel (Hispanic American Historical Review) "Wade’s research probes the nexus of cutting-edge scientific research, historical memory, and socio-cultural scholarship. Scholars of modern Latin America, race, and the history of science will find much of use in this well written and conceptually ambitious study." - Alex K. Diamond (EIAL) "Overall, Wade creates a remarkably even-handed account, which is neither alarmist nor evangelistic about the potential for genomics to transform or reinforce racial ideologies. . . . the clear and concise descriptions of genetic theory and practices will serve as an excellent introduction to these concepts for uninitiated readers, and the book makes important contributions to existing social science discussions about the anti-racist and democratising potential of mixture and genomics in contemporary societies." - Sarah Abel (Journal of Latin American Studies) "Due to its breath and depth this is an essential book, one that will become a key academic reference about Latin American genomics, politics, and nationhood." - Ernesto Schwartz-Marin (Ethnohistory) "This book provides a significant and unusual contribution to the field of sciences by centering the analysis on Latin American scientists. For scholars of race in Latin America, Wade updates and complicates our understandings of how race has been made, unmade, and remade by scientists and policymakers."  - Nancy P. Appelbaum (Latin American Research Review)

• Preface  viiAcknowledgments  xiIntroduction. Mixture as a Biological Process  1I. Purity and Mixture1. Purity and Mixture in Human Population Genetics  272. From Eugenics to Blood Types  53II. Genetics and Multiculturalism3. Changing Practices  854. Colombia, Country of Regions  995. Brazil, Race, and Affirmative Action  1226. Mexico, Public Health, and State Genomics  1467. Genomics & Multiculturalism: Comparisons and Continuities  166III. Narrating Mixture8. Gender, Genealogy, and Mestizaje  1919. The Geneticization of Race and Diversity in Everyday Life 223Conclusion  258Notes  267References  273Index  315

Peter Wade is Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and the author and editor of many books, including Mestizo Genomics, also published by Duke University Press, and Race: An Introduction.

“This book will be of great interest to historians of race in Latin America, as it is one of the first to extend the considerable scholarship on mestizaje and racial democracy (with its attendant debates) into a new era of genetics and genomics.… By opening a host of research paths for other scholars, the monograph proves itself to be ambitious and well executed.”- Kelly Urban (H-LatAm, H-Net Reviews) “Degrees of Mixture, Degrees of Freedom is an invaluable resource on the topic of race mixture for race scholars and Latin Americanists alike.” - G. Reginald Daniel (Hispanic American Historical Review) "Wade’s research probes the nexus of cutting-edge scientific research, historical memory, and socio-cultural scholarship. Scholars of modern Latin America, race, and the history of science will find much of use in this well written and conceptually ambitious study." - Alex K. Diamond (EIAL) "Overall, Wade creates a remarkably even-handed account, which is neither alarmist nor evangelistic about the potential for genomics to transform or reinforce racial ideologies. . . . the clear and concise descriptions of genetic theory and practices will serve as an excellent introduction to these concepts for uninitiated readers, and the book makes important contributions to existing social science discussions about the anti-racist and democratising potential of mixture and genomics in contemporary societies." - Sarah Abel (Journal of Latin American Studies) "Due to its breath and depth this is an essential book, one that will become a key academic reference about Latin American genomics, politics, and nationhood." - Ernesto Schwartz-Marin (Ethnohistory) "This book provides a significant and unusual contribution to the field of sciences by centering the analysis on Latin American scientists. For scholars of race in Latin America, Wade updates and complicates our understandings of how race has been made, unmade, and remade by scientists and policymakers."  - Nancy P. Appelbaum (Latin American Research Review)

• Preface  viiAcknowledgments  xiIntroduction. Mixture as a Biological Process  1I. Purity and Mixture1. Purity and Mixture in Human Population Genetics  272. From Eugenics to Blood Types  53II. Genetics and Multiculturalism3. Changing Practices  854. Colombia, Country of Regions  995. Brazil, Race, and Affirmative Action  1226. Mexico, Public Health, and State Genomics  1467. Genomics & Multiculturalism: Comparisons and Continuities  166III. Narrating Mixture8. Gender, Genealogy, and Mestizaje  1919. The Geneticization of Race and Diversity in Everyday Life 223Conclusion  258Notes  267References  273Index  315