Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN, is Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, where she was Dean from 1982 through 1997. She is also Professor, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. In 1990, Dr. Fitzpatrick received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from her alma mater, Georgetown University. In 2011 she received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the Frontier University of Nursing. She has received numerous honors and awards; she was elected a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 1981 and a Fellow in the National Academies of Practice in 1996. She received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award 18 times. Dr. Fitzpatrick is widely published in nursing and health care literature with over 300 publications. She served as co-editor of the Annual Review of Nursing Research series, vols. 1-26; she edits the journals Applied Nursing Research, Archives in Psychiatric Nursing, and Nursing Education Perspectives, the official journal of the National League for Nursing. She edited three editions of the classic Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (ENR), and a series of nursing research digestsCeleste M. Alfes, DNP, MSN, MBA, RN, CNE, CHSE-A, FAAN, is professor and assistant dean of academic affairs at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio. She earned a BSN (University of Akron), a MSN (University of Akron), a DNP (CWRU), and an MBA from CWRU. Dr. Alfes has 33 years of experience as a nurse educator and has made significant contributions pioneering simulation training including the development of North America's first high-fidelity helicopter simulator adapted for flight nurse training. Dr. Alfes is a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing; a Fulbright Specialist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; an Inaugural Coldiron Fellow, Marian K. Shaughnessy Nurse Leadership Academy (MKSNLA), American Organization for Nursing Leadership, American Nurses Association, and Healthcare Financial Management Association; a member of the MKSNLA Founders Circle; a recent visiting professor at the University of L'Aquila, Italy, and Aichi Medical University, Japan; and a National League for Nursing simulation leader and consultant. Dr. Alfes is a reviewer for the National Science Foundation and a regular contributor to the journals Nurse Leader, Nursing Education Perspectives, and Clinical Simulation in Nursing. Dr. Alfes has published several books with Springer Publishing Company including Clinical Simulations for the Advanced Practice Nurse (2020), Strategies for Teaching Nursing (2020), and the Guide to Mastery in Clinical Nursing (2019) series.Ronald L. Hickman, Jr., PhD, RN, ACNP-BC, FNAP, FAAN, is an associate professor and a board-certified acute care nurse practitioner at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio.

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• ContentsContributorsPrefaceShare Handbook of Clinical Nursing: Critical and Emergency Care NursingAbdominal Aortic AneurysmVicki A. KeoughAbdominal PainChristopher J. ContinoAcid–Base ImbalancesMichael D. GoochAcute AbdomenSusanna RudyAcute Coronary SyndromeAndrea EfreAcute Exacerbation of a Chronic ConditionBrenda L. DouglassAcute Pancreatitis in AdultsVirginia MangoldsAcute Respiratory Distress SyndromeKathleen C. AshtonAcute Respiratory FailureBreanna HetlandAdrenal InsufficiencyRachel K. VanekBack PainSharon R. RainerBurnsMargaret Jean CarmanBurns: Classification and SeverityMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonChest PainSharon R. RainerChild Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Pamela Harris Bryant, Tedra S. Smith, Sherita K. Etheridge, and Steadman McPetersClostridium difficile InfectionAnita SundareshContinuous Veno-Venous HemofiltrationIan N. SaludaresDefinitions of Emergency and Critical Care NursingNicole M. Hartman and Courtney VoseDental EmergenciesMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonDisaster ResponseDarlie SimersonDisseminated Intravascular CoagulationJoyce E. HigginsDomestic ViolencePatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Gwendolyn D. Childs, Tedra S. Smith, and Stacey A. MitchellEar, Nose, and Throat EmergenciesKathleen Bradbury-GolasElder Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Richard Taylor, Stacey A. Mitchell, Diana K. Faugno, and Rita A. Jablonski-JaudonEncephalopathyDeborah VineskyEndocrine EmergenciesDiane Fuller SwitzerEnvironmental EmergenciesBrittany NewberryExtracorporeal Life SupportGrant Pignatiello, Katherine Hornack, and Julie E. HerzogFluid and Electrolyte ImbalancesMichael D. GoochFluid ResuscitationLaura Stark BaiHeart TransplantationS. Brian WidmarHepatic FailureLeon Chen and Fidelindo LimHepatitisRamona A. Sowers and Linda CarsonHyperglycemia and HypoglycemiaLaura Stark BaiHypertensive Crisis and HypertensionKathleen Bradbury-GolasHypothermiaMarian NowakIntegumentary EmergenciesSusanna RudyIntra-Aortic Balloon PumpGrant PignatielloMental and Behavioral Health EmergenciesLia V. LudanNeurotraumaAnita SundareshObstetrical and Gynecological Emergency CareVicki BacidoreOphthalmic EmergenciesShannon M. LittenOrthopedic Emergencies in AdultsCindy D. KumarPediatric EmergenciesRachel TkaczykPsychiatric Disorders: Suicide, Homicide, PsychosisGeorge Byron Peraza-Smith and Yolanda BoneRespiratory EmergenciesDustin SpencerReturn of Spontaneous Circulation With Hypothermia InitiationLaura Stark BaiSeizuresEric RobertsSepsisRonald L. Hickman, Jr.Sexual AssaultPatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Sallie J. Shipman, Martha B. Dodd, Qiana A. Johnson, and Stacey A. MitchellShock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction SyndromeJennifer WilbeckSolid Organ TransplantationMarcia JohanssonSpinal Cord InjuryLamon Norton and Melanie Gibbons HallmanSubstance Use Disorders and Toxicological AgentsAl RundioThoracic Aortic AneurysmMegan M. Shifrin and Ronald L. Hickman, Jr.Thrombocytopenia in AdultsKhoa (Joey) DangThyroid CrisisCynthia Ann LeaverTraumatic Brain InjuryElizabeth Wirth-TomaszewskiTraumatic InjuryDustin SpencerUrologic EmergenciesKelley ToffoliVentilator-Associated PneumoniaNancy Jaskowak CresseVentricular Assist DevicesS. Brian WidmarThe Violent PatientJanet E. Reilly and Michael WichowskiIndex

Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN, is Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, where she was Dean from 1982 through 1997. She is also Professor, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. In 1990, Dr. Fitzpatrick received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from her alma mater, Georgetown University. In 2011 she received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the Frontier University of Nursing. She has received numerous honors and awards; she was elected a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 1981 and a Fellow in the National Academies of Practice in 1996. She received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award 18 times. Dr. Fitzpatrick is widely published in nursing and health care literature with over 300 publications. She served as co-editor of the Annual Review of Nursing Research series, vols. 1-26; she edits the journals Applied Nursing Research, Archives in Psychiatric Nursing, and Nursing Education Perspectives, the official journal of the National League for Nursing. She edited three editions of the classic Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (ENR), and a series of nursing research digestsCeleste M. Alfes, DNP, MSN, MBA, RN, CNE, CHSE-A, FAAN, is professor and assistant dean of academic affairs at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio. She earned a BSN (University of Akron), a MSN (University of Akron), a DNP (CWRU), and an MBA from CWRU. Dr. Alfes has 33 years of experience as a nurse educator and has made significant contributions pioneering simulation training including the development of North America's first high-fidelity helicopter simulator adapted for flight nurse training. Dr. Alfes is a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing; a Fulbright Specialist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; an Inaugural Coldiron Fellow, Marian K. Shaughnessy Nurse Leadership Academy (MKSNLA), American Organization for Nursing Leadership, American Nurses Association, and Healthcare Financial Management Association; a member of the MKSNLA Founders Circle; a recent visiting professor at the University of L'Aquila, Italy, and Aichi Medical University, Japan; and a National League for Nursing simulation leader and consultant. Dr. Alfes is a reviewer for the National Science Foundation and a regular contributor to the journals Nurse Leader, Nursing Education Perspectives, and Clinical Simulation in Nursing. Dr. Alfes has published several books with Springer Publishing Company including Clinical Simulations for the Advanced Practice Nurse (2020), Strategies for Teaching Nursing (2020), and the Guide to Mastery in Clinical Nursing (2019) series.Ronald L. Hickman, Jr., PhD, RN, ACNP-BC, FNAP, FAAN, is an associate professor and a board-certified acute care nurse practitioner at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio.

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• ContentsContributorsPrefaceShare Handbook of Clinical Nursing: Critical and Emergency Care NursingAbdominal Aortic AneurysmVicki A. KeoughAbdominal PainChristopher J. ContinoAcid–Base ImbalancesMichael D. GoochAcute AbdomenSusanna RudyAcute Coronary SyndromeAndrea EfreAcute Exacerbation of a Chronic ConditionBrenda L. DouglassAcute Pancreatitis in AdultsVirginia MangoldsAcute Respiratory Distress SyndromeKathleen C. AshtonAcute Respiratory FailureBreanna HetlandAdrenal InsufficiencyRachel K. VanekBack PainSharon R. RainerBurnsMargaret Jean CarmanBurns: Classification and SeverityMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonChest PainSharon R. RainerChild Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Pamela Harris Bryant, Tedra S. Smith, Sherita K. Etheridge, and Steadman McPetersClostridium difficile InfectionAnita SundareshContinuous Veno-Venous HemofiltrationIan N. SaludaresDefinitions of Emergency and Critical Care NursingNicole M. Hartman and Courtney VoseDental EmergenciesMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonDisaster ResponseDarlie SimersonDisseminated Intravascular CoagulationJoyce E. HigginsDomestic ViolencePatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Gwendolyn D. Childs, Tedra S. Smith, and Stacey A. MitchellEar, Nose, and Throat EmergenciesKathleen Bradbury-GolasElder Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Richard Taylor, Stacey A. Mitchell, Diana K. Faugno, and Rita A. Jablonski-JaudonEncephalopathyDeborah VineskyEndocrine EmergenciesDiane Fuller SwitzerEnvironmental EmergenciesBrittany NewberryExtracorporeal Life SupportGrant Pignatiello, Katherine Hornack, and Julie E. HerzogFluid and Electrolyte ImbalancesMichael D. GoochFluid ResuscitationLaura Stark BaiHeart TransplantationS. Brian WidmarHepatic FailureLeon Chen and Fidelindo LimHepatitisRamona A. Sowers and Linda CarsonHyperglycemia and HypoglycemiaLaura Stark BaiHypertensive Crisis and HypertensionKathleen Bradbury-GolasHypothermiaMarian NowakIntegumentary EmergenciesSusanna RudyIntra-Aortic Balloon PumpGrant PignatielloMental and Behavioral Health EmergenciesLia V. LudanNeurotraumaAnita SundareshObstetrical and Gynecological Emergency CareVicki BacidoreOphthalmic EmergenciesShannon M. LittenOrthopedic Emergencies in AdultsCindy D. KumarPediatric EmergenciesRachel TkaczykPsychiatric Disorders: Suicide, Homicide, PsychosisGeorge Byron Peraza-Smith and Yolanda BoneRespiratory EmergenciesDustin SpencerReturn of Spontaneous Circulation With Hypothermia InitiationLaura Stark BaiSeizuresEric RobertsSepsisRonald L. Hickman, Jr.Sexual AssaultPatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Sallie J. Shipman, Martha B. Dodd, Qiana A. Johnson, and Stacey A. MitchellShock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction SyndromeJennifer WilbeckSolid Organ TransplantationMarcia JohanssonSpinal Cord InjuryLamon Norton and Melanie Gibbons HallmanSubstance Use Disorders and Toxicological AgentsAl RundioThoracic Aortic AneurysmMegan M. Shifrin and Ronald L. Hickman, Jr.Thrombocytopenia in AdultsKhoa (Joey) DangThyroid CrisisCynthia Ann LeaverTraumatic Brain InjuryElizabeth Wirth-TomaszewskiTraumatic InjuryDustin SpencerUrologic EmergenciesKelley ToffoliVentilator-Associated PneumoniaNancy Jaskowak CresseVentricular Assist DevicesS. Brian WidmarThe Violent PatientJanet E. Reilly and Michael WichowskiIndex

Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN, is Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, where she was Dean from 1982 through 1997. She is also Professor, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. In 1990, Dr. Fitzpatrick received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from her alma mater, Georgetown University. In 2011 she received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the Frontier University of Nursing. She has received numerous honors and awards; she was elected a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 1981 and a Fellow in the National Academies of Practice in 1996. She received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award 18 times. Dr. Fitzpatrick is widely published in nursing and health care literature with over 300 publications. She served as co-editor of the Annual Review of Nursing Research series, vols. 1-26; she edits the journals Applied Nursing Research, Archives in Psychiatric Nursing, and Nursing Education Perspectives, the official journal of the National League for Nursing. She edited three editions of the classic Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (ENR), and a series of nursing research digestsCeleste M. Alfes, DNP, MSN, MBA, RN, CNE, CHSE-A, FAAN, is professor and assistant dean of academic affairs at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio. She earned a BSN (University of Akron), a MSN (University of Akron), a DNP (CWRU), and an MBA from CWRU. Dr. Alfes has 33 years of experience as a nurse educator and has made significant contributions pioneering simulation training including the development of North America's first high-fidelity helicopter simulator adapted for flight nurse training. Dr. Alfes is a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing; a Fulbright Specialist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; an Inaugural Coldiron Fellow, Marian K. Shaughnessy Nurse Leadership Academy (MKSNLA), American Organization for Nursing Leadership, American Nurses Association, and Healthcare Financial Management Association; a member of the MKSNLA Founders Circle; a recent visiting professor at the University of L'Aquila, Italy, and Aichi Medical University, Japan; and a National League for Nursing simulation leader and consultant. Dr. Alfes is a reviewer for the National Science Foundation and a regular contributor to the journals Nurse Leader, Nursing Education Perspectives, and Clinical Simulation in Nursing. Dr. Alfes has published several books with Springer Publishing Company including Clinical Simulations for the Advanced Practice Nurse (2020), Strategies for Teaching Nursing (2020), and the Guide to Mastery in Clinical Nursing (2019) series.Ronald L. Hickman, Jr., PhD, RN, ACNP-BC, FNAP, FAAN, is an associate professor and a board-certified acute care nurse practitioner at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio.

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• ContentsContributorsPrefaceShare Handbook of Clinical Nursing: Critical and Emergency Care NursingAbdominal Aortic AneurysmVicki A. KeoughAbdominal PainChristopher J. ContinoAcid–Base ImbalancesMichael D. GoochAcute AbdomenSusanna RudyAcute Coronary SyndromeAndrea EfreAcute Exacerbation of a Chronic ConditionBrenda L. DouglassAcute Pancreatitis in AdultsVirginia MangoldsAcute Respiratory Distress SyndromeKathleen C. AshtonAcute Respiratory FailureBreanna HetlandAdrenal InsufficiencyRachel K. VanekBack PainSharon R. RainerBurnsMargaret Jean CarmanBurns: Classification and SeverityMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonChest PainSharon R. RainerChild Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Pamela Harris Bryant, Tedra S. Smith, Sherita K. Etheridge, and Steadman McPetersClostridium difficile InfectionAnita SundareshContinuous Veno-Venous HemofiltrationIan N. SaludaresDefinitions of Emergency and Critical Care NursingNicole M. Hartman and Courtney VoseDental EmergenciesMelanie Gibbons Hallman and Lamon NortonDisaster ResponseDarlie SimersonDisseminated Intravascular CoagulationJoyce E. HigginsDomestic ViolencePatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Gwendolyn D. Childs, Tedra S. Smith, and Stacey A. MitchellEar, Nose, and Throat EmergenciesKathleen Bradbury-GolasElder Abuse and NeglectPatricia M. Speck, Richard Taylor, Stacey A. Mitchell, Diana K. Faugno, and Rita A. Jablonski-JaudonEncephalopathyDeborah VineskyEndocrine EmergenciesDiane Fuller SwitzerEnvironmental EmergenciesBrittany NewberryExtracorporeal Life SupportGrant Pignatiello, Katherine Hornack, and Julie E. HerzogFluid and Electrolyte ImbalancesMichael D. GoochFluid ResuscitationLaura Stark BaiHeart TransplantationS. Brian WidmarHepatic FailureLeon Chen and Fidelindo LimHepatitisRamona A. Sowers and Linda CarsonHyperglycemia and HypoglycemiaLaura Stark BaiHypertensive Crisis and HypertensionKathleen Bradbury-GolasHypothermiaMarian NowakIntegumentary EmergenciesSusanna RudyIntra-Aortic Balloon PumpGrant PignatielloMental and Behavioral Health EmergenciesLia V. LudanNeurotraumaAnita SundareshObstetrical and Gynecological Emergency CareVicki BacidoreOphthalmic EmergenciesShannon M. LittenOrthopedic Emergencies in AdultsCindy D. KumarPediatric EmergenciesRachel TkaczykPsychiatric Disorders: Suicide, Homicide, PsychosisGeorge Byron Peraza-Smith and Yolanda BoneRespiratory EmergenciesDustin SpencerReturn of Spontaneous Circulation With Hypothermia InitiationLaura Stark BaiSeizuresEric RobertsSepsisRonald L. Hickman, Jr.Sexual AssaultPatricia M. Speck, Diana K. Faugno, Rachell A. Ekroos, Melanie Gibbons Hallman, Sallie J. Shipman, Martha B. Dodd, Qiana A. Johnson, and Stacey A. MitchellShock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction SyndromeJennifer WilbeckSolid Organ TransplantationMarcia JohanssonSpinal Cord InjuryLamon Norton and Melanie Gibbons HallmanSubstance Use Disorders and Toxicological AgentsAl RundioThoracic Aortic AneurysmMegan M. Shifrin and Ronald L. Hickman, Jr.Thrombocytopenia in AdultsKhoa (Joey) DangThyroid CrisisCynthia Ann LeaverTraumatic Brain InjuryElizabeth Wirth-TomaszewskiTraumatic InjuryDustin SpencerUrologic EmergenciesKelley ToffoliVentilator-Associated PneumoniaNancy Jaskowak CresseVentricular Assist DevicesS. Brian WidmarThe Violent PatientJanet E. Reilly and Michael WichowskiIndex