Andrew D. Badley, M.D., is a consultant in the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. He is professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and associate director of the Mayo Clinic Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, a National Institutes of Health Center of Excellence, as well.

• Section 1 Basic Concepts Chapter 1 Lentiviral Biology and Cell Death Chapter 2 Regulation of Apoptosis Chapter 3 Approaches Used to Detect Apoptosis Chapter 4 Consequences of HIV Infection on Thymus Function and T Cell Development Chapter 5 Deadly Intentions: Apoptosis in the Peripheral Immune System Section 2 Mechanisms of HIV-Associated Cell Death Viral Factors Chapter 6 Cell Death in HIV Infection: gp120 Chapter 7 Vpr Chapter 8 Interference of the Nef Protein of HIV-1 with Pro- and Antiapoptotic Pathways of T Cells Chapter 9 HIV-1 Tat and Apoptotic Death Chapter 10 HIV Protease (PR) and Cell Death Immune Mechanisms Chapter 11 Immune Activation Chapter 12 Impairment of HIV-Specific Immune Effector Cell Function Infected vs. Uninfected Death Chapter 13 Mechanisms of HIV-Infected vs. Uninfected T Cell Killing Chapter 14 Elevated Apoptosis of CD8+ T Lymphocytes during HIV-1 Infection Chapter 15 Autologous Cell-Mediated Killing Chapter 16 Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Syncytial Apoptosis Chapter 17 Nonapoptotic HIV-Induced T Cell Death Chapter 18 Apoptosis in Organ Culture and Animal Models of HIV Disease Section 3 Clinical Consequences of HIV-Induced Cell Death Chapter 19 T Cell Dynamics and the Role of Apoptosis in HIV Infection Chapter 20 Alteration of the Apoptotic Pathways in the Thymus during HIV Infection Chapter 21 Correlations between Apoptosis and HIV Disease Progression Chapter 22 HIV-1 Infection and Cell Death in the Nervous System Chapter 23 Involvement of Apoptosis in Complications of HIV and Its Treatment Chapter 24 Apoptosis as a Pathogenic Mechanism of HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections Section 4 Therapeutic Issues Chapter 25 Direct Effects of Anti-HIV Therapeutics on Apoptosis Chapter 26 HIV-1 Reservoirs and Residual Viral Replication during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Chapter 27 Therapeutic Approaches to Modulation of Cell Death (non-HIV) Chapter 28 Immunotherapy of HIV Disease

Andrew D. Badley, M.D., is a consultant in the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. He is professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and associate director of the Mayo Clinic Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, a National Institutes of Health Center of Excellence, as well.

• Section 1 Basic Concepts Chapter 1 Lentiviral Biology and Cell Death Chapter 2 Regulation of Apoptosis Chapter 3 Approaches Used to Detect Apoptosis Chapter 4 Consequences of HIV Infection on Thymus Function and T Cell Development Chapter 5 Deadly Intentions: Apoptosis in the Peripheral Immune System Section 2 Mechanisms of HIV-Associated Cell Death Viral Factors Chapter 6 Cell Death in HIV Infection: gp120 Chapter 7 Vpr Chapter 8 Interference of the Nef Protein of HIV-1 with Pro- and Antiapoptotic Pathways of T Cells Chapter 9 HIV-1 Tat and Apoptotic Death Chapter 10 HIV Protease (PR) and Cell Death Immune Mechanisms Chapter 11 Immune Activation Chapter 12 Impairment of HIV-Specific Immune Effector Cell Function Infected vs. Uninfected Death Chapter 13 Mechanisms of HIV-Infected vs. Uninfected T Cell Killing Chapter 14 Elevated Apoptosis of CD8+ T Lymphocytes during HIV-1 Infection Chapter 15 Autologous Cell-Mediated Killing Chapter 16 Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Syncytial Apoptosis Chapter 17 Nonapoptotic HIV-Induced T Cell Death Chapter 18 Apoptosis in Organ Culture and Animal Models of HIV Disease Section 3 Clinical Consequences of HIV-Induced Cell Death Chapter 19 T Cell Dynamics and the Role of Apoptosis in HIV Infection Chapter 20 Alteration of the Apoptotic Pathways in the Thymus during HIV Infection Chapter 21 Correlations between Apoptosis and HIV Disease Progression Chapter 22 HIV-1 Infection and Cell Death in the Nervous System Chapter 23 Involvement of Apoptosis in Complications of HIV and Its Treatment Chapter 24 Apoptosis as a Pathogenic Mechanism of HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections Section 4 Therapeutic Issues Chapter 25 Direct Effects of Anti-HIV Therapeutics on Apoptosis Chapter 26 HIV-1 Reservoirs and Residual Viral Replication during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Chapter 27 Therapeutic Approaches to Modulation of Cell Death (non-HIV) Chapter 28 Immunotherapy of HIV Disease

Andrew D. Badley, M.D., is a consultant in the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. He is professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and associate director of the Mayo Clinic Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense Program, a National Institutes of Health Center of Excellence, as well.

• Section 1 Basic Concepts Chapter 1 Lentiviral Biology and Cell Death Chapter 2 Regulation of Apoptosis Chapter 3 Approaches Used to Detect Apoptosis Chapter 4 Consequences of HIV Infection on Thymus Function and T Cell Development Chapter 5 Deadly Intentions: Apoptosis in the Peripheral Immune System Section 2 Mechanisms of HIV-Associated Cell Death Viral Factors Chapter 6 Cell Death in HIV Infection: gp120 Chapter 7 Vpr Chapter 8 Interference of the Nef Protein of HIV-1 with Pro- and Antiapoptotic Pathways of T Cells Chapter 9 HIV-1 Tat and Apoptotic Death Chapter 10 HIV Protease (PR) and Cell Death Immune Mechanisms Chapter 11 Immune Activation Chapter 12 Impairment of HIV-Specific Immune Effector Cell Function Infected vs. Uninfected Death Chapter 13 Mechanisms of HIV-Infected vs. Uninfected T Cell Killing Chapter 14 Elevated Apoptosis of CD8+ T Lymphocytes during HIV-1 Infection Chapter 15 Autologous Cell-Mediated Killing Chapter 16 Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Syncytial Apoptosis Chapter 17 Nonapoptotic HIV-Induced T Cell Death Chapter 18 Apoptosis in Organ Culture and Animal Models of HIV Disease Section 3 Clinical Consequences of HIV-Induced Cell Death Chapter 19 T Cell Dynamics and the Role of Apoptosis in HIV Infection Chapter 20 Alteration of the Apoptotic Pathways in the Thymus during HIV Infection Chapter 21 Correlations between Apoptosis and HIV Disease Progression Chapter 22 HIV-1 Infection and Cell Death in the Nervous System Chapter 23 Involvement of Apoptosis in Complications of HIV and Its Treatment Chapter 24 Apoptosis as a Pathogenic Mechanism of HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections Section 4 Therapeutic Issues Chapter 25 Direct Effects of Anti-HIV Therapeutics on Apoptosis Chapter 26 HIV-1 Reservoirs and Residual Viral Replication during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Chapter 27 Therapeutic Approaches to Modulation of Cell Death (non-HIV) Chapter 28 Immunotherapy of HIV Disease