is a veterinary surgeon, now retired, who worked from 1966 to 2004 at the Poultry Research Centre and the Roslin Institute at Edinburgh. His research was on poultry behaviour and welfare, focussing especially on specific appetites, laying behaviour, egg shell quality, feather pecking and housing systems. He headed the Ethology Department from 1988 to 1997 and was Institute Named Veterinary Surgeon and Chair of the Ethics Committee from 1993 to 2004. He was also a Tutor in the Open University on Biology, Brain and Behaviour and Lecturer on Edinburgh University's MSc course in Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare. He was Editor of British Poultry Science from 1985 to 2010 and remains on the Editorial Board. (BSc Zoology, PhD Animal Behaviour) is Chief Scientific Adviser with The World Society for the Protection of Animals, based in London, UK. At the Poultry Research Centre and the University of Edinburgh, UK, he carried out research for 20 years on behaviour and welfare of farm animals, before a period with The Humane Society of the United States in Washington, DC. His most recent book is Long Distance Transport and Welfare of Farm Animals (co-editor, 2008). Dr Appleby is a member of the Farm Animal Welfare Council (Farm Animal Welfare Committee from April 2011) and a Visiting Professor at the University of Plymouth and the Scottish Agricultural College. (BA Biology, DPhil Ethology and Neurobiology) is a Professor of Animal Science and the Director of the Center for Animal Welfare at the University of California, Davis. She conducts research on the behaviour and welfare of poultry and small laboratory animals, with a particular emphasis on management and environmental enrichment. She serves on numerous national and international committees and boards that address issues related to farm and laboratory animal welfare, and teaches courses on animal welfare and animal ethics.

• 1: PART A: POULTRY 2: Origins 3: Biology 4: PART B: BEHAVIOUR 5: Causes and effects 6: Maintenance 7: Living in groups 8: Reproduction 9: PART C: WELFARE 10: Perceptions of Welfare 11: Sentience 12: Physical aspects 13: Environmental influences 14: PART D: PRACTICE 15: Industry 16: Systems 17: Politics 18: Economics

is a veterinary surgeon, now retired, who worked from 1966 to 2004 at the Poultry Research Centre and the Roslin Institute at Edinburgh. His research was on poultry behaviour and welfare, focussing especially on specific appetites, laying behaviour, egg shell quality, feather pecking and housing systems. He headed the Ethology Department from 1988 to 1997 and was Institute Named Veterinary Surgeon and Chair of the Ethics Committee from 1993 to 2004. He was also a Tutor in the Open University on Biology, Brain and Behaviour and Lecturer on Edinburgh University's MSc course in Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare. He was Editor of British Poultry Science from 1985 to 2010 and remains on the Editorial Board. (BSc Zoology, PhD Animal Behaviour) is Chief Scientific Adviser with The World Society for the Protection of Animals, based in London, UK. At the Poultry Research Centre and the University of Edinburgh, UK, he carried out research for 20 years on behaviour and welfare of farm animals, before a period with The Humane Society of the United States in Washington, DC. His most recent book is Long Distance Transport and Welfare of Farm Animals (co-editor, 2008). Dr Appleby is a member of the Farm Animal Welfare Council (Farm Animal Welfare Committee from April 2011) and a Visiting Professor at the University of Plymouth and the Scottish Agricultural College. (BA Biology, DPhil Ethology and Neurobiology) is a Professor of Animal Science and the Director of the Center for Animal Welfare at the University of California, Davis. She conducts research on the behaviour and welfare of poultry and small laboratory animals, with a particular emphasis on management and environmental enrichment. She serves on numerous national and international committees and boards that address issues related to farm and laboratory animal welfare, and teaches courses on animal welfare and animal ethics.

• 1: PART A: POULTRY 2: Origins 3: Biology 4: PART B: BEHAVIOUR 5: Causes and effects 6: Maintenance 7: Living in groups 8: Reproduction 9: PART C: WELFARE 10: Perceptions of Welfare 11: Sentience 12: Physical aspects 13: Environmental influences 14: PART D: PRACTICE 15: Industry 16: Systems 17: Politics 18: Economics

is a veterinary surgeon, now retired, who worked from 1966 to 2004 at the Poultry Research Centre and the Roslin Institute at Edinburgh. His research was on poultry behaviour and welfare, focussing especially on specific appetites, laying behaviour, egg shell quality, feather pecking and housing systems. He headed the Ethology Department from 1988 to 1997 and was Institute Named Veterinary Surgeon and Chair of the Ethics Committee from 1993 to 2004. He was also a Tutor in the Open University on Biology, Brain and Behaviour and Lecturer on Edinburgh University's MSc course in Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare. He was Editor of British Poultry Science from 1985 to 2010 and remains on the Editorial Board. (BSc Zoology, PhD Animal Behaviour) is Chief Scientific Adviser with The World Society for the Protection of Animals, based in London, UK. At the Poultry Research Centre and the University of Edinburgh, UK, he carried out research for 20 years on behaviour and welfare of farm animals, before a period with The Humane Society of the United States in Washington, DC. His most recent book is Long Distance Transport and Welfare of Farm Animals (co-editor, 2008). Dr Appleby is a member of the Farm Animal Welfare Council (Farm Animal Welfare Committee from April 2011) and a Visiting Professor at the University of Plymouth and the Scottish Agricultural College. (BA Biology, DPhil Ethology and Neurobiology) is a Professor of Animal Science and the Director of the Center for Animal Welfare at the University of California, Davis. She conducts research on the behaviour and welfare of poultry and small laboratory animals, with a particular emphasis on management and environmental enrichment. She serves on numerous national and international committees and boards that address issues related to farm and laboratory animal welfare, and teaches courses on animal welfare and animal ethics.

• 1: PART A: POULTRY 2: Origins 3: Biology 4: PART B: BEHAVIOUR 5: Causes and effects 6: Maintenance 7: Living in groups 8: Reproduction 9: PART C: WELFARE 10: Perceptions of Welfare 11: Sentience 12: Physical aspects 13: Environmental influences 14: PART D: PRACTICE 15: Industry 16: Systems 17: Politics 18: Economics