Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials

Fernando Pacheco Torgal is a Principal Investigator at C-TAC, University of Minho. He holds the title of Counsellor (Top 0.5%) from the Portuguese Engineers Association and has been consistently recognized as a Scopus Highly Cited Scientist in the global rankings by Stanford University. With over 300 publications to his name, he has carried out in-depth peer reviews of more than one thousand scientific papers and assessed nearly one hundred research grant proposals across 15 countries. He serves on the editorial boards of nine international journals and has been involved in editorial decisions for several hundred manuscripts. In addition, he has edited 33 international books, many of which are available in the libraries of prestigious institutions such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. Luisa F. Cabeza is Professor at the University of Lleida (Spain) where she leads the GREA research group. She has co-authored over 100 journal papers and several book chapters. Luisa F. Cabeza received her PhD in Industrial Engineering in 1996 from the University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. She also holds degrees in Chemical Engineering (1992) and in Industrial Engineering (1993), as well as an MBA (1995) from the same University. Her interests include the different TES technologies (sensible, latent and thermochemical), applications (buildings, industry, refrigeration, CSP, etc.), and social aspects. She also acts as subject editor of the journals Renewable Energy, and Solar Energy. João Labrincha is Associate Professor in the Materials and Ceramics Engineering Department of the University of Aveiro, Portugal, and member of the CICECO research unit. He has registered 22 patent applications, and has published over 170 papers. Aldo Giuntini de Magalhães is a Professor in the Department of Materials Engineering and Construction at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and coordinates government research projects related to the area of Sustainable Buildings.

• Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering1: Introduction to the environmental impact of construction and building materialsAbstract1.1 Introduction1.2 Environmental impact assessment1.3 The European Construction Products Regulation (CPR)1.4 Outline of the bookPart I: Life cycle assessment (LCA), eco-labelling and procurement2: Mineral resource depletion assessmentAbstract2.1 Introduction2.2 Definition and classification of mineral resources2.3 Trends in mineral use and depletion2.4 Dynamic analysis of mineral resource use and depletion: the Hubbert peak model2.5 From grave to cradle: A new approach to assess and account for mineral depletion2.6 Conclusions3: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of sustainable building materials: an overviewAbstract3.1 Introduction3.2 The environmental impact of building materials3.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainable building materials3.4 Conclusions4: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of the building sector: strengths and weaknessesAbstract4.1 Introduction4.2 The overall strengths and limitations of life cycle assessment (LCA)4.3 Strengths and weaknesses within LCA methodology4.4 Conclusions5: Using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to develop eco-labels for construction and building materialsAbstract5.1 Introduction: life cycle thinking and eco-labels5.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA)5.3 Types of eco-labels and their relation to LCA5.4 Environmental certification programmes for buildings5.5 Future trends5.6 Sources of further information and advice6: The EU Ecolabel scheme and its application to construction and building materialsAbstract6.1 Introduction6.2 The EU Ecolabel and the European Commission policy for sustainability6.3 History and goals of the EU Ecolabel scheme6.4 EU Ecolabel establishment procedures and criteria6.5 EU Ecolabel and green public procurement (GPP)6.6 EU Ecolabel and national ecolabelling schemes6.7 EU Ecolabel for eco-efficient construction and building materials6.8 Future trends6.9 Sources of further information and advice6.11 Appendix: abbreviations7: Environmental product declaration (EPD) labelling of construction and building materialsAbstract7.1 Introduction7.2 Regulatory framework7.3 Objectives and general principles7.4 Environmental product declaration (EPD) methodology7.5 EPD programmes around the world7.6 Product category rules (PCR) for construction and building materials7.7 Case studies: EPD for construction and building materials7.8 Conclusions8: Shortcomings of eco-labelling of construction and building materialsAbstract8.1 Introduction8.2 Typical shortcomings of eco-labels8.3 Building materials8.4 Eco-labelling of buildings8.5 Conclusions9: Green public procurement (GPP) of construction and building materialsAbstract9.1 Introduction9.2 Green public procurement (GPP) and sustainable public procurement (SPP) as policy instruments9.3 Policy context in the EU9.4 Policy context in selected countries9.5 The need for a paradigm shift9.6 Implementing GPP/SPP in the construction sector9.7 Key concerns for progress towards SPPPart II: Assessing the environmental impact of construction and building materials10: Assessing the environmental impact of conventional and ‘green’ cement productionAbstract10.1 Introduction10.2 Environmental impact of ordinary Portland cement10.3 Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)10.4 Alternative binders10.5 Balancing function and environmental impact10.6 Conclusions and future trends11: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete made using recycled concrete or natural aggregatesAbstract11.1 Introduction11.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)11.3 Influence of different phases in the production process for natural and recycled concrete11.4 Research on the use of natural and recycled aggregates in concrete11.5 Analysis of the influence of the transport phase11.6 Analysis of the influence of CO2 uptake during the life cycle of concrete11.7 Conclusions and future trends11.8 Acknowledgement12: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of building thermal insulation materialsAbstract12.1 Introduction12.2 Thermal insulation materials and their properties12.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis of thermal insulation materials12.4 The ecological benefits of thermal insulation of external walls of buildings12.5 The economic benefits of thermal insulation12.6 Conclusions13: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of phase change materials (PCMs) used in buildingsAbstract13.1 Introduction to phase change materials (PCMs) and their use in buildings13.2 Investigating the use of PCMs in buildings13.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology13.4 PCM impact and selection13.5 LCA of buildings including PCMs: case studies13.6 Improvement in PCM use13.7 Problems in undertaking an LCA of buildings including PCMs14: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of wood-based building materialsAbstract14.1 Introduction14.2 Forestry and wood production14.3 Wood product manufacture14.4 Building with wood materials14.5 Integrated energy and material flows14.6 Wood products and climate change14.7 Wood building materials: past and future14.8 Sources of further information14.9 Acknowledgement15: The environmental impact of adhesivesAbstract15.1 Introduction: growth in the usage of adhesives15.2 Environmental implications of the growth in adhesive use15.3 Adhesives, adhesion and the environment15.4 Reduction of environmental impact15.5 A technical ‘fix’ for the environmental crisis15.6 Energy demand and supply15.7 The stationary state: limits to growth15.8 Conclusions and future trends15.9 Acknowledgement16: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of road pavement materialsAbstract16.1 Introduction16.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) for roads16.3 LCA for motorway construction16.4 LCA for motorway use and maintenance16.5 LCA for the demolition/deconstruction of motorways16.6 Conclusions and future trends16.7 Acknowledgements16.9 Appendix: abbreviationsPart III: Assessing the environmental impact of particular types of structure17: Comparing the environmental impact of reinforced concrete and wooden structuresAbstract17.1 Introduction17.2 Environmental strengths and weaknesses of using wood and concrete in construction17.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) for wood and concrete building design17.4 Using LCA to compare concrete and wood construction: a case study17.5 Selection and adaptation of LCA tools17.6 Life cycle impact assessment and interpretation17.7 Future trends17.8 Sources of further information and advice18: Assessing the sustainability of prefabricated buildingsAbstract18.1 Introduction18.2 A brief history of prefabricated buildings18.3 Types of prefabrication technologies18.4 Assessing prefabricated buildings18.5 Case study: sustainability assessment of prefabricated school buildings18.6 Conclusions, recommendations and future trends18.7 Sources of further information and advice18.8 Acknowledgments19: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of green façades and living wall systemsAbstract19.1 Introduction19.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology19.3 Interpretation and analysis of LCA results19.4 Interpretation of the LCA analysis19.5 Conclusions19.6 Acknowledgements20: Assessing the environmental and economic impacts of cladding systems for green buildingsAbstract20.1 Introduction20.2 The need for green buildings20.3 The role of cladding systems in making buildings green20.4 Implementation: assessing the eco-efficiency of cladding systems in Bahrain20.5 Interpretation and conclusions21: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of windows and window materialsAbstract21.1 Introduction21.2 Modern window construction21.3 The life cycle of a window21.4 Previous window life cycle assessment (LCA) studies21.5 The influence of timing on the results of window LCA21.6 Use of advanced technology21.7 Selection of environmentally friendly window materials21.8 Current developments and future trends22: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) structuresAbstract22.1 Introduction22.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) data and impact assessment method22.3 Impact assessment of raw materials used in ultra high performance concrete (UHPC)22.4 Impact assessment of UHPC at material level22.5 Impact assessment of structures made with UHPC22.6 Cost of UHPC22.7 Conclusions and future trends23: Life cycle assessment (LCA) of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in civil applicationsAbstract23.1 Introduction23.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) method23.3 LCA of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites: case studiesResults and discussionResults23.4 Summary and conclusionsIndex