Roland Ennos and Elizabeth Sheffield, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.

"In recent years, there have been two landmark books extolling the wonders of plant life in a way we can all appreciate: Richard Mabey's Flora Britannica and David Attenborough's The Private Life of Plants. This is another in the same mould, and it is a must for anyone who takes delight in the world of plants." February 2000, BBC Wildlife Magazine "This is an enjoyable book for its novel and refreshing approach to plant diversity."30 November 2001, Michael Black, Times Higher Education Supplement "The authors have made an interesting attempt to present the information in a fresh and more easily digested manner by departing from the traditional approach. The book is introductory and it is unfair to want more; indeed, it should be a mark of its success if it encourages students to find out more. I am sure that the book will find a place as a text in schools and at introductory level in universities. I shall be recommending it to my students." M Ingrouille, Annals of Botany, May 2002

• Preface, ixPART 11 Evolution and plant diversity, 31.1 Introduction-the diversity of plant life, 31.2 Factors affecting plant evolution, 31.3 The process of evolution, 61.4 Life cycles of eukaryotes, 81.5 Mechanisms of adaptation,111.6 Mechanisms of speciation,121.7 Macroevolution and evolutionary trends,171.8 Large-scale trends in evolution,181.9 Causes and effects of extinction,191.10 Points for discussion, 212 The evolutionary history of plant life, 222.1 Introduction, 222.2 The difficulty of reconstructing plant phylogeny, 222.3 Methods used to reconstruct phylogeny, 232.4 Types of evidence, 242.5 Systems of classification, 282.6 A simplified classification of photosynthetic organisms, 282.7 Points for discussion, 32PART 23 Life afloat, 353.1 Introduction, 353.2 The first plants, 353.3 The cyanobacteria (cyanophyta), 363.4 The evolution of eukaryotes, 413.5 Radiation of the eukaryotic algae, 423.6 The dinoflagellates (pyrrophyta), 433.7 The diatoms (bacillariophyta), 453.8 The unicellular green algae (chlorophyta), 463.9 Points for discussion, 504 Life on the rocks, 524.1 Introduction, 524.2 Selective forces and evolution of benthic organisms, 524.3 Groups of multicellular algae, 544.4 Reproduction in benthic algae, 614.5 Ecology and distribution of algae, 654.6 The corals, 664.7 Points for discussion, 67Practical investigations: investigating the design of seaweeds, 675 Life on the ground, 695.1 Introduction, 695.2 Living on dry land, 695.3 Adaptation and diversity of the bryophytes, 705.4 Growth and form of bryophytes, 705.5 Lichens, 825.6 Points for discussion, 856 Life above the ground, 876.1 Introduction, 876.2 The first vascular plants, 876.3 Adaptive radiation of spore-producing plants, 906.4 Growth and form of vascular plants, 926.5 Asexual reproduction of vascular plants, 1006.6 Sexual reproduction of spore-producing plants,1016.7 Points for discussion, 1107 Life from seeds, 1117.1 Introduction,1117.2 The structure of seeds, 1117.3 The earliest seed plants, 1117 A The cycads (cycadophyta),1137.5 The evolution of secondary thickening, 1147.6 The conifers (coniferophyta), 1157.7 The angiosperms (anthophyta),1187.8 The groups of angiosperms, 1227.9 The evolution of angiosperm flowers, 1237.10 Speed dispersal and the evolution of fruit, 1287.11 Points for discussion,131PART 38 Life in the wet tropics, 1358.1 Introduction: problems of life in the wet tropics,1358.2 Tropical rainforests, 1358.3 Vegetation of the primary rainforest,1358.4 Vegetation in gaps, 1418.5 Possible causes of high rainforest diversity, 1438.6 The effect of humans on rainforests, 1448.7 Points for discussion, 1459 Life in seasonal climates, 1469.1 Introduction, 1469.2 Distribution and adaptations of trees, 1469.3 Vegetation of seasonal forests, 1499.4 Ecology of seasonal forests,1539.5 The climatic limits of tree growth,1559.6 Vegetation in areas with short growing seasons, 1559.7 Ecology of highly seasonal areas, 1589.8 The effect of humans, 1599.9 Points for discussion, 16010 Life on the edge, 16110.1 Introduction,16110.2 Life in the desert, 16110.3 Life in the snow and ice, 16610.4 Points for discussion, 169Practical investigations, 16911 Life back in the water, 17111.1 Introduction,17111.2 Life in fresh water,17311.3 Adaptations to life in salt water,18111.4 Points for discussion,185Further reading, 185Appendix: A classification of plants, 187Glossary, 193Index, 203Colour plate section falls between pp. 110 and 111.

Roland Ennos and Elizabeth Sheffield, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.

"In recent years, there have been two landmark books extolling the wonders of plant life in a way we can all appreciate: Richard Mabey's Flora Britannica and David Attenborough's The Private Life of Plants. This is another in the same mould, and it is a must for anyone who takes delight in the world of plants." February 2000, BBC Wildlife Magazine "This is an enjoyable book for its novel and refreshing approach to plant diversity."30 November 2001, Michael Black, Times Higher Education Supplement "The authors have made an interesting attempt to present the information in a fresh and more easily digested manner by departing from the traditional approach. The book is introductory and it is unfair to want more; indeed, it should be a mark of its success if it encourages students to find out more. I am sure that the book will find a place as a text in schools and at introductory level in universities. I shall be recommending it to my students." M Ingrouille, Annals of Botany, May 2002

• Preface, ixPART 11 Evolution and plant diversity, 31.1 Introduction-the diversity of plant life, 31.2 Factors affecting plant evolution, 31.3 The process of evolution, 61.4 Life cycles of eukaryotes, 81.5 Mechanisms of adaptation,111.6 Mechanisms of speciation,121.7 Macroevolution and evolutionary trends,171.8 Large-scale trends in evolution,181.9 Causes and effects of extinction,191.10 Points for discussion, 212 The evolutionary history of plant life, 222.1 Introduction, 222.2 The difficulty of reconstructing plant phylogeny, 222.3 Methods used to reconstruct phylogeny, 232.4 Types of evidence, 242.5 Systems of classification, 282.6 A simplified classification of photosynthetic organisms, 282.7 Points for discussion, 32PART 23 Life afloat, 353.1 Introduction, 353.2 The first plants, 353.3 The cyanobacteria (cyanophyta), 363.4 The evolution of eukaryotes, 413.5 Radiation of the eukaryotic algae, 423.6 The dinoflagellates (pyrrophyta), 433.7 The diatoms (bacillariophyta), 453.8 The unicellular green algae (chlorophyta), 463.9 Points for discussion, 504 Life on the rocks, 524.1 Introduction, 524.2 Selective forces and evolution of benthic organisms, 524.3 Groups of multicellular algae, 544.4 Reproduction in benthic algae, 614.5 Ecology and distribution of algae, 654.6 The corals, 664.7 Points for discussion, 67Practical investigations: investigating the design of seaweeds, 675 Life on the ground, 695.1 Introduction, 695.2 Living on dry land, 695.3 Adaptation and diversity of the bryophytes, 705.4 Growth and form of bryophytes, 705.5 Lichens, 825.6 Points for discussion, 856 Life above the ground, 876.1 Introduction, 876.2 The first vascular plants, 876.3 Adaptive radiation of spore-producing plants, 906.4 Growth and form of vascular plants, 926.5 Asexual reproduction of vascular plants, 1006.6 Sexual reproduction of spore-producing plants,1016.7 Points for discussion, 1107 Life from seeds, 1117.1 Introduction,1117.2 The structure of seeds, 1117.3 The earliest seed plants, 1117 A The cycads (cycadophyta),1137.5 The evolution of secondary thickening, 1147.6 The conifers (coniferophyta), 1157.7 The angiosperms (anthophyta),1187.8 The groups of angiosperms, 1227.9 The evolution of angiosperm flowers, 1237.10 Speed dispersal and the evolution of fruit, 1287.11 Points for discussion,131PART 38 Life in the wet tropics, 1358.1 Introduction: problems of life in the wet tropics,1358.2 Tropical rainforests, 1358.3 Vegetation of the primary rainforest,1358.4 Vegetation in gaps, 1418.5 Possible causes of high rainforest diversity, 1438.6 The effect of humans on rainforests, 1448.7 Points for discussion, 1459 Life in seasonal climates, 1469.1 Introduction, 1469.2 Distribution and adaptations of trees, 1469.3 Vegetation of seasonal forests, 1499.4 Ecology of seasonal forests,1539.5 The climatic limits of tree growth,1559.6 Vegetation in areas with short growing seasons, 1559.7 Ecology of highly seasonal areas, 1589.8 The effect of humans, 1599.9 Points for discussion, 16010 Life on the edge, 16110.1 Introduction,16110.2 Life in the desert, 16110.3 Life in the snow and ice, 16610.4 Points for discussion, 169Practical investigations, 16911 Life back in the water, 17111.1 Introduction,17111.2 Life in fresh water,17311.3 Adaptations to life in salt water,18111.4 Points for discussion,185Further reading, 185Appendix: A classification of plants, 187Glossary, 193Index, 203Colour plate section falls between pp. 110 and 111.