ANTHONY L. CLAPES is a Senior Corporate Counsel at IBM and is presently responsible for managing IBM's intellectual property and antitrust litigation. For many years he has represented IBM in large and complex cases. Much of his recent casework has related to software copyrights. Mr. Clapes has lectured on copyright law as it applies to computer programs in numerous symposia, and he is the co-author of an influential law article on the subject: Silicon Epics and Binary Bards: Determining the Proper Scope of Copyright Protection for Computer Programs, 34 UCLA L. Rev.1493 (Winter 1987).

• Introduction Setting the Stage Learning from the Past The Business of Writing Software Apple v. Franklin Castles in the Air, and on Diskette The Art of Programming Writing for Computers Programming Languages: The SAS Case Programming Structures: The Synercom Case Programming Flow Program Logic and Other Elements of Expression Whelan v. Jaslow The Shaping of the Invisible The Range of Programming Expression NEC v. Intel Bright Lines and Gray Areas: The Frybarger Case The "Dissemination" Argument: Broderbund v. Unison World Clean Rooms and Fright Wigs: The Plains Cotton Case and Some Principles for Software Clones Rights of Copyright Owners: The Softklone Case IBM v. Fujitsu An Introduction to Compatibility Compatibility Demons: Johnson v. Uniden and Further Principles for Software Clones The "Look and Feel" Cases Into the Corrida Index

ANTHONY L. CLAPES is a Senior Corporate Counsel at IBM and is presently responsible for managing IBM's intellectual property and antitrust litigation. For many years he has represented IBM in large and complex cases. Much of his recent casework has related to software copyrights. Mr. Clapes has lectured on copyright law as it applies to computer programs in numerous symposia, and he is the co-author of an influential law article on the subject: Silicon Epics and Binary Bards: Determining the Proper Scope of Copyright Protection for Computer Programs, 34 UCLA L. Rev.1493 (Winter 1987).

• Introduction Setting the Stage Learning from the Past The Business of Writing Software Apple v. Franklin Castles in the Air, and on Diskette The Art of Programming Writing for Computers Programming Languages: The SAS Case Programming Structures: The Synercom Case Programming Flow Program Logic and Other Elements of Expression Whelan v. Jaslow The Shaping of the Invisible The Range of Programming Expression NEC v. Intel Bright Lines and Gray Areas: The Frybarger Case The "Dissemination" Argument: Broderbund v. Unison World Clean Rooms and Fright Wigs: The Plains Cotton Case and Some Principles for Software Clones Rights of Copyright Owners: The Softklone Case IBM v. Fujitsu An Introduction to Compatibility Compatibility Demons: Johnson v. Uniden and Further Principles for Software Clones The "Look and Feel" Cases Into the Corrida Index

ANTHONY L. CLAPES is a Senior Corporate Counsel at IBM and is presently responsible for managing IBM's intellectual property and antitrust litigation. For many years he has represented IBM in large and complex cases. Much of his recent casework has related to software copyrights. Mr. Clapes has lectured on copyright law as it applies to computer programs in numerous symposia, and he is the co-author of an influential law article on the subject: Silicon Epics and Binary Bards: Determining the Proper Scope of Copyright Protection for Computer Programs, 34 UCLA L. Rev.1493 (Winter 1987).

• Introduction Setting the Stage Learning from the Past The Business of Writing Software Apple v. Franklin Castles in the Air, and on Diskette The Art of Programming Writing for Computers Programming Languages: The SAS Case Programming Structures: The Synercom Case Programming Flow Program Logic and Other Elements of Expression Whelan v. Jaslow The Shaping of the Invisible The Range of Programming Expression NEC v. Intel Bright Lines and Gray Areas: The Frybarger Case The "Dissemination" Argument: Broderbund v. Unison World Clean Rooms and Fright Wigs: The Plains Cotton Case and Some Principles for Software Clones Rights of Copyright Owners: The Softklone Case IBM v. Fujitsu An Introduction to Compatibility Compatibility Demons: Johnson v. Uniden and Further Principles for Software Clones The "Look and Feel" Cases Into the Corrida Index