Dirk Dressler is Full Professor of Neurology at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany and Co-Director of the Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China. He pioneered botulinum toxin therapy in Europe. Mark Hallett is an Emeritus Scientist at NIH and a former president of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Winner of the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Neurotoxin Association, his research focuses on the pathophysiology of movement disorders.

'This book is an excellent resource for anyone working with botulinum toxins, both novice and expert. Given the expanded indications for botulinum toxin over the past decade, this new volume is clearly needed and succeeds in addressing the changes and challenges in botulinum toxin.' Daniel E, Kremens, Doody's Reviews

• 1. The pretherapeutic history of botulinum neurotoxin; 2. Botulinum neurotoxin: History of clinical development; 3. Pharmacology of botulinum toxin therapy; 4. Immunological properties of botulinum neurotoxins; 5. Examination and treatment of complex cervical dystonia; 6. Visualization of ultrasound guided intramuscular injections in muscles relevant for cervical dystonia; 7. Ultrasound guidance for botulinum neurotoxin therapy: cervical dystonia; 8. Treatment of cervical dystonia; 9. Treatment of blepharospasm; 10. Botulinum neurotoxin in oromandibular dystonia; 11. Botulinum neurotoxin therapy of laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes; 12.The use of botulinum neurotoxin in otorhinolaryngology; 13. Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm with Botulinum Toxin; 14. Botulinum toxin in treatment of tics; 15. The use of botulinum toxin in tremors; 16. The role of ultrasound for botulinum neurotoxin injection in childhood spasticity; 17. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in spastic infantile cerebral palsy; 18. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in spasticity using ultrasound guidance; 19. The use of botulinum toxin in spasticity; 20. Treatment of stiff-person syndrome with botulinum toxin; 21. Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology; 22. Cosmetic uses of botulinum neurotoxins for the upper face; 23. Botulinum toxin on the lower face; 24. Botulinum Toxin in the treatment of Gummy Smile; 25. Botulinum toxin for the breast; 26. Treatment of depression with botulinum toxin; 27. Hyperhidrosis Berthold: A treatment for ischemic digits and chronic pain; 28. Botulinum toxin in the treatment for ischemic digits and chronic pain; 29. Botulinum Toxin in Wound Healing; 30. Use of botulinum neurotoxin in neuropathic pain; 31. The Use of botulinum toxin in the management of headache disorders; 32. Use of Botulinum Toxin in Musculoskeletal Pain and Arthritis; 33. Treatment of plantar fasciitis/plantar fasciopathy with botulinum neurotoxins; 34. Use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of low back pain; 35. Use of botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of piriformis syndrome; 36. Ultrasound guided botulinum toxin injections for thoracic outlet syndrome; 37. Botulinum neurotoxin in the gastrointestinal tract; 38. Botulinum neurotoxin applications in urological disorders; 39. Treatment of focal hand dystonia.

Dirk Dressler is Full Professor of Neurology at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany and Co-Director of the Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China. He pioneered botulinum toxin therapy in Europe. Mark Hallett is an Emeritus Scientist at NIH and a former president of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Winner of the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Neurotoxin Association, his research focuses on the pathophysiology of movement disorders.

'This book is an excellent resource for anyone working with botulinum toxins, both novice and expert. Given the expanded indications for botulinum toxin over the past decade, this new volume is clearly needed and succeeds in addressing the changes and challenges in botulinum toxin.' Daniel E, Kremens, Doody's Reviews

• 1. The pretherapeutic history of botulinum neurotoxin; 2. Botulinum neurotoxin: History of clinical development; 3. Pharmacology of botulinum toxin therapy; 4. Immunological properties of botulinum neurotoxins; 5. Examination and treatment of complex cervical dystonia; 6. Visualization of ultrasound guided intramuscular injections in muscles relevant for cervical dystonia; 7. Ultrasound guidance for botulinum neurotoxin therapy: cervical dystonia; 8. Treatment of cervical dystonia; 9. Treatment of blepharospasm; 10. Botulinum neurotoxin in oromandibular dystonia; 11. Botulinum neurotoxin therapy of laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes; 12.The use of botulinum neurotoxin in otorhinolaryngology; 13. Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm with Botulinum Toxin; 14. Botulinum toxin in treatment of tics; 15. The use of botulinum toxin in tremors; 16. The role of ultrasound for botulinum neurotoxin injection in childhood spasticity; 17. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in spastic infantile cerebral palsy; 18. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in spasticity using ultrasound guidance; 19. The use of botulinum toxin in spasticity; 20. Treatment of stiff-person syndrome with botulinum toxin; 21. Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology; 22. Cosmetic uses of botulinum neurotoxins for the upper face; 23. Botulinum toxin on the lower face; 24. Botulinum Toxin in the treatment of Gummy Smile; 25. Botulinum toxin for the breast; 26. Treatment of depression with botulinum toxin; 27. Hyperhidrosis Berthold: A treatment for ischemic digits and chronic pain; 28. Botulinum toxin in the treatment for ischemic digits and chronic pain; 29. Botulinum Toxin in Wound Healing; 30. Use of botulinum neurotoxin in neuropathic pain; 31. The Use of botulinum toxin in the management of headache disorders; 32. Use of Botulinum Toxin in Musculoskeletal Pain and Arthritis; 33. Treatment of plantar fasciitis/plantar fasciopathy with botulinum neurotoxins; 34. Use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of low back pain; 35. Use of botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of piriformis syndrome; 36. Ultrasound guided botulinum toxin injections for thoracic outlet syndrome; 37. Botulinum neurotoxin in the gastrointestinal tract; 38. Botulinum neurotoxin applications in urological disorders; 39. Treatment of focal hand dystonia.