Randall Lesaffer is Professor of Legal History at KU Leuven in Belgium and Tilburg University in the Netherlands. He is the author of European Legal History: A Cultural and Political Perspective (2009) and co-editor of The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius (2021). He is the editor-in-chief of the book series Studies in the History of International Law, an editor of the Global Law series and an editor of the Journal of the History of International Law. Maria Adele Carrai is Associate Professor at the Department of Politics and International Relations at Oxford University. Her research on the history of international law in East Asia and China's ascent as a global power includes the books Sovereignty in China: A Genealogy of a Concept since 1840 (2019), and the co-edited The China Questions 2: Critical Insights into US-China Relations (2022). Surabhi Ranganathan is Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Deputy Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law. Her research on the history and political economy of international law includes the book Strategically Created Treaty Conflicts and the Politics of International Law (2014), and several essays on the co-constitution of the ocean and international law.

• Introduction: against the inequality of ignorance Surabhi Ranganathan and Maria Adele Carrai; Part I. International Law in Ancient and Early Medieval Asia (c. 2000 BCE–1300 CE): 1. 'International law' and interpolity relations in the early empires on the East Asian sub-continent Robin D. S. Yates; 2. International law in Ancient India: diplomacy, war, and trade Patrick Olivelle and Timothy Lubin; 3. The early medieval tradition of Eurasian diplomacy, sixth to tenth centuries Jonathan Karam Skaff; 4. The perception of the 'other' in early Daoxue Neo-Confucianism Chang Woei Ong; 5. Japanese foreign relations from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries Wataru Enomoto; 6. Gender, law, and conquest in East Asia under Mongol rule, thirteenth to fourteenth centuries Bettine Birge; 7. Mongol international law in the thirteenth century Prajakti Kalra; Part II. International Law in Late Medieval and Early Modern Asia (1300–1800 CE): 8. The Mongol empire: in accordance with the Great Törö, 1200–1783 Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene; 9. Authority and control in the maritime interactions between China and South Asia, 1200–1840 Tansen Sen; 10. Warfare in medieval India, 1300–1800 Kaushik Roy; 11. Maritime law and pre-Westphalian interpolity relations in coastal and island Southeast Asia Jennifer L. Gaynor; 12. South-East Asia and the arrival of European colonial powers, c. 1450–1800 Peter Borschberg; 13. Territory, treaty relations, and mapping in late imperial East Asia Nianshen Song; 14. Inter-state diplomacy and imperial transitions in South Asia, circa 1750–1800 Tiraana Bains; 15. Commercial dispute resolution among maritime merchants in Surat and Zanzibar, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Ghulam A. Nadri; 16. Diplomacy through rituals in the Qing empire James L. Hevia; 17. War and the use of force in Qing China Yingcong Dai; Part III. International Law in Modern Asia (1800–1950 CE):18. Sovereignty in colonial South Asia Priyasha Saksena; 19. Strict liability and the state of exception to international law in 'semi-colonial' China, 1842–1911 Li Chen; 20. The legacies of indenture for international law in Asia Kalyani Ramnath; 21. The concept of the territorial sea in modern Japan Masaharu Yanagihara; 22. From customary practice to international law: disputes and responses of Jiao merchants in East Asian trade, 1880–1905 Lin Yuju; 23. Civilization, China and international law, 1840s–1940s: from seeking recognition to making contribution Congyan Cai; 24. Mediating an empire of laws: France and Vietnam, 1862–1954 Ann-Sofie Levidis; 25. Pan-Asianism as an anti-imperial ideology and strategy Mohammad Shahabuddin; 26. Twentieth-century Indian historiography of ancient inter-polity law Carl Landauer.

Randall Lesaffer is Professor of Legal History at KU Leuven in Belgium and Tilburg University in the Netherlands. He is the author of European Legal History: A Cultural and Political Perspective (2009) and co-editor of The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius (2021). He is the editor-in-chief of the book series Studies in the History of International Law, an editor of the Global Law series and an editor of the Journal of the History of International Law. Maria Adele Carrai is Associate Professor at the Department of Politics and International Relations at Oxford University. Her research on the history of international law in East Asia and China's ascent as a global power includes the books Sovereignty in China: A Genealogy of a Concept since 1840 (2019), and the co-edited The China Questions 2: Critical Insights into US-China Relations (2022). Surabhi Ranganathan is Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Deputy Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law. Her research on the history and political economy of international law includes the book Strategically Created Treaty Conflicts and the Politics of International Law (2014), and several essays on the co-constitution of the ocean and international law.

• Introduction: against the inequality of ignorance Surabhi Ranganathan and Maria Adele Carrai; Part I. International Law in Ancient and Early Medieval Asia (c. 2000 BCE–1300 CE): 1. 'International law' and interpolity relations in the early empires on the East Asian sub-continent Robin D. S. Yates; 2. International law in Ancient India: diplomacy, war, and trade Patrick Olivelle and Timothy Lubin; 3. The early medieval tradition of Eurasian diplomacy, sixth to tenth centuries Jonathan Karam Skaff; 4. The perception of the 'other' in early Daoxue Neo-Confucianism Chang Woei Ong; 5. Japanese foreign relations from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries Wataru Enomoto; 6. Gender, law, and conquest in East Asia under Mongol rule, thirteenth to fourteenth centuries Bettine Birge; 7. Mongol international law in the thirteenth century Prajakti Kalra; Part II. International Law in Late Medieval and Early Modern Asia (1300–1800 CE): 8. The Mongol empire: in accordance with the Great Törö, 1200–1783 Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene; 9. Authority and control in the maritime interactions between China and South Asia, 1200–1840 Tansen Sen; 10. Warfare in medieval India, 1300–1800 Kaushik Roy; 11. Maritime law and pre-Westphalian interpolity relations in coastal and island Southeast Asia Jennifer L. Gaynor; 12. South-East Asia and the arrival of European colonial powers, c. 1450–1800 Peter Borschberg; 13. Territory, treaty relations, and mapping in late imperial East Asia Nianshen Song; 14. Inter-state diplomacy and imperial transitions in South Asia, circa 1750–1800 Tiraana Bains; 15. Commercial dispute resolution among maritime merchants in Surat and Zanzibar, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Ghulam A. Nadri; 16. Diplomacy through rituals in the Qing empire James L. Hevia; 17. War and the use of force in Qing China Yingcong Dai; Part III. International Law in Modern Asia (1800–1950 CE):18. Sovereignty in colonial South Asia Priyasha Saksena; 19. Strict liability and the state of exception to international law in 'semi-colonial' China, 1842–1911 Li Chen; 20. The legacies of indenture for international law in Asia Kalyani Ramnath; 21. The concept of the territorial sea in modern Japan Masaharu Yanagihara; 22. From customary practice to international law: disputes and responses of Jiao merchants in East Asian trade, 1880–1905 Lin Yuju; 23. Civilization, China and international law, 1840s–1940s: from seeking recognition to making contribution Congyan Cai; 24. Mediating an empire of laws: France and Vietnam, 1862–1954 Ann-Sofie Levidis; 25. Pan-Asianism as an anti-imperial ideology and strategy Mohammad Shahabuddin; 26. Twentieth-century Indian historiography of ancient inter-polity law Carl Landauer.

Randall Lesaffer is Professor of Legal History at KU Leuven in Belgium and Tilburg University in the Netherlands. He is the author of European Legal History: A Cultural and Political Perspective (2009) and co-editor of The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius (2021). He is the editor-in-chief of the book series Studies in the History of International Law, an editor of the Global Law series and an editor of the Journal of the History of International Law. Maria Adele Carrai is Associate Professor at the Department of Politics and International Relations at Oxford University. Her research on the history of international law in East Asia and China's ascent as a global power includes the books Sovereignty in China: A Genealogy of a Concept since 1840 (2019), and the co-edited The China Questions 2: Critical Insights into US-China Relations (2022). Surabhi Ranganathan is Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Deputy Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law. Her research on the history and political economy of international law includes the book Strategically Created Treaty Conflicts and the Politics of International Law (2014), and several essays on the co-constitution of the ocean and international law.

• Introduction: against the inequality of ignorance Surabhi Ranganathan and Maria Adele Carrai; Part I. International Law in Ancient and Early Medieval Asia (c. 2000 BCE–1300 CE): 1. 'International law' and interpolity relations in the early empires on the East Asian sub-continent Robin D. S. Yates; 2. International law in Ancient India: diplomacy, war, and trade Patrick Olivelle and Timothy Lubin; 3. The early medieval tradition of Eurasian diplomacy, sixth to tenth centuries Jonathan Karam Skaff; 4. The perception of the 'other' in early Daoxue Neo-Confucianism Chang Woei Ong; 5. Japanese foreign relations from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries Wataru Enomoto; 6. Gender, law, and conquest in East Asia under Mongol rule, thirteenth to fourteenth centuries Bettine Birge; 7. Mongol international law in the thirteenth century Prajakti Kalra; Part II. International Law in Late Medieval and Early Modern Asia (1300–1800 CE): 8. The Mongol empire: in accordance with the Great Törö, 1200–1783 Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene; 9. Authority and control in the maritime interactions between China and South Asia, 1200–1840 Tansen Sen; 10. Warfare in medieval India, 1300–1800 Kaushik Roy; 11. Maritime law and pre-Westphalian interpolity relations in coastal and island Southeast Asia Jennifer L. Gaynor; 12. South-East Asia and the arrival of European colonial powers, c. 1450–1800 Peter Borschberg; 13. Territory, treaty relations, and mapping in late imperial East Asia Nianshen Song; 14. Inter-state diplomacy and imperial transitions in South Asia, circa 1750–1800 Tiraana Bains; 15. Commercial dispute resolution among maritime merchants in Surat and Zanzibar, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Ghulam A. Nadri; 16. Diplomacy through rituals in the Qing empire James L. Hevia; 17. War and the use of force in Qing China Yingcong Dai; Part III. International Law in Modern Asia (1800–1950 CE):18. Sovereignty in colonial South Asia Priyasha Saksena; 19. Strict liability and the state of exception to international law in 'semi-colonial' China, 1842–1911 Li Chen; 20. The legacies of indenture for international law in Asia Kalyani Ramnath; 21. The concept of the territorial sea in modern Japan Masaharu Yanagihara; 22. From customary practice to international law: disputes and responses of Jiao merchants in East Asian trade, 1880–1905 Lin Yuju; 23. Civilization, China and international law, 1840s–1940s: from seeking recognition to making contribution Congyan Cai; 24. Mediating an empire of laws: France and Vietnam, 1862–1954 Ann-Sofie Levidis; 25. Pan-Asianism as an anti-imperial ideology and strategy Mohammad Shahabuddin; 26. Twentieth-century Indian historiography of ancient inter-polity law Carl Landauer.