Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury

Dr. Sonia Lomeli Bonifacio is a Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the NeuroNICU at Stanford University's Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. She is renowned for her pioneering work in neonatal neurocritical care, significantly advancing the field through the establishment of protocols that enhance the care of critically ill newborns. She has been instrumental in developing a model of brain focused neonatal care to minimize brain injury in newborns and improving developmental outcomes. Through her extensive work in research, education, and clinical practice, Dr. Bonifacio continues to make a profound impact on the field of neonatal medicine. Dr. Courtney J. Wusthoff is Chief of Child Neurology at the University of California, Davis. Her research focus is neonatal EEG and seizures. She led development of the 2025 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous EEG Monitoring in Neonates. She co-edited Neuromonitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care (2022). Dr. Valerie Y. Chock is an expert in neonatal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). She leads the US Neonatal NIRS Consortium to advance the use of neuromonitoring by promoting clinical and research initiatives. She has multiple publications on neuromonitoring and hemodynamics and led an NIH-funded multicenter trial investigating NIRS monitoring in preterm anemic infants. Dr. Susan R. Hintz is a neonatologist and perinatal epidemiologist, whose investigative work focuses on advancing multidisciplinary fetal-to-neonatal care and improving morbidities and post-discharge outcomes for high-risk infants. She serves in leadership roles in statewide and national follow up quality initiatives and studies and is founder and director of the complex fetal care program at Stanford. Dr. Maurice L. Druzin is Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University School of Medicine and in the Department of OBGYN. He served on the ACOG Hypertension in Pregnancy Taskforce which published national guidelines in 2013. He was co-chair of the CMQCC Taskforce which produced the toolkit in 2014 and 2021 on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Professor Alistair Jan Gunn, is Professor of Physiology and Paediatrics, Department of Physiology at the University of Auckland. An Honorary Fellow of the Newborn Brain Society, he completed systematic preclinical studies of the evolution of brain injury during post-asphyxial encephalopathy, and the impact of cerebral hypothermia, conducted the first randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia, and supported its translation to routine clinical care. Dr David K. Stevenson, is the Harold K. Faber Professor of Pediatrics. He has received the Virginia Apgar Award, the highest award in Perinatal Pediatrics, and the John Howland Medal and Award, the highest award given by the American Pediatric Society. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

• Preface; Section 1. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis of Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of fetal and neonatal brain injury and encephalopathy Jeffrey M. Perlman; 2. Neuronal cell death, connectomics, and proteinopathy in human neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and related animal models Lee J. Martin, Frances J. Northington, Jennifer K. Lee and Panagiotis Kratimenos; 3. Cellular and molecular biology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Fernando F. Gonzalez, Zinaida S. Vexler and Donna M. Ferriero; 4. The pathogenesis of preterm brain injury Justin Mark Dean, Benjamin Alan Lear, Laura Bennet and Alistair Jan Gunn; 5. Fetal responses to hypoxemia and asphyxia Laura Bennet, Christopher A. Lear, Guido Wassink and Alistair Jan Gunn; 6. Endogenous and exogenous neuroprotective mechanisms after hypoxic-ischemic injury Joanne O. Davidson, Simerdeep K. Dhillon, Laura Bennet and Alistair Jan Gunn; Section 2. Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery Complications Causing Brain Injury: 7. Prematurity and complications of labor and delivery Hayley E. Miller and Danielle M. Panelli; 8. Risks and complications of multiple gestation Kathleen Minor, Samantha Do and Yair J. Blumenfeld; 9. Intrauterine growth restriction William W. Hay Jr., Ronald J. Wong and David K. Stevenson; 10. Diseases in pregnancy that affect fetal and neonatal neurodevelopment Anne R. Waldrop and Maurice L. Druzin; 11. Obstetric conditions and practices that affect the fetus and newborn Noor Joudi, Erica Wu and Jane Chueh; 12. Consequences of fetal substance exposure Robert Castro, Gary M. Shaw and Ronald S. Cohen; 13. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Christina Pinnock, Maurice L. Druzin and Deirdre J. Lyell; 14. Complications of Labor and Delivery Kathryne Sanserino, Erica Wu, Samantha Do and Yair J. Blumenfeld; 15. Antepartum evaluation of fetal well-being Nicola C. Perlman, Deirdre J. Lyell and Maurice L. Druzin; 16. Intrapartum evaluation of the fetus Liron Seidman, Israel Hendler, Daniel S. Seidman and Abraham Tsur; Section 3. Diagnosis of the Infant with Brain Injury: 17. Clinical manifestations of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Amanda G. Sandoval Karamian and Tayyba Anwar; 18. The use of EEG and aEEG in assessing the term and preterm brain Kristine E. Woodward and Julia Jacobs-LeVan; 19. Neuroimaging in the evaluation of pattern and timing of fetal and neonatal brain abnormalities Bruno P. Soares and Mateus A. Esmeraldo; 20. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of the brain Valerie Y. Chock and Zachary A. Vesoulis; 21. Placental pathology and the etiology of fetal and neonatal brain injury Charlotte Foster Kim and Theonia K. Boyd; 22. Timing perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury Simerdeep K. Dhillon, Joanne O. Davidson, Laura Bennet and Alistair Jan Gunn; Section 4. Specific Conditions Associated with Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: 23. Congenital malformations of the brain Andrerw Campion, Bruno P Soares and Hisham Dahmoush; 24. Neurogenetic disorders of the brain Courney P. Verscaj, Jonathon A. Bernstein; 25. Hemorrhagic lesions of the central nervous system Mehmet N. Cizmeci and Linda S. de Vries; 26. Perinatal stroke Dawn Gano and Donna M. Ferriero; 27. Neurodevelopmental consequences of neonatal hypoglycemia Elizabeth Rosenfeld and Diva D. De León; 28. Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus David K. Stevenson, Cody C. Arnold, Phyllis A. Dennery and Ronald J. Wong; 29. Polycythemia and fetal-maternal bleeding Ted S. Rosenkrantz, Shikha Sarkar and William Oh; 30. Hydrops fetalis Carlo Bellini, Dario Paladini and Luca A. Ramenghi; 31. Brain injury caused by activation of the immune system Isabelle Shearer, Pierre Gressens and Bobbi Fleiss; 32. Neonatal bacterial meningitis Dustin Daniel Flannery, Alvaro Proaño FanconiI and Lakshmi Srinivasan; 33. Neurologic sequelae of congenital and perin