Theories of Development

William Crain is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at The City College of New York. In 2008, he and his wife Ellen founded Safe Haven Farm Sanctuary, which gives a lifelong home to farm animals rescued from slaughter and abandonment. Bill and Ellen have three children and six grandchildren.

• Introduction. Chapter 1. Early theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau. Chapter 2. Gesell’s Maturational Theory. Chapter 3. Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth. Chapter 4. Montessori’s Educational Philosophy. Chapter 5. Werner’s Organismic and Comparative Theory. Chapter 6. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory. Chapter 7. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. Chapter 8. Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. Chapter 9. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Chapter 10. Vygotsky’s Social-History Theory of Cognitive Development. Chapter 11. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory. Chapter 12. Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life. Chapter 13. Mahler’s Separation/Individuation Theory. Chapter 14. Contrasting Approaches to Autism. Chapter 15. Schachtel on Childhood Experiences. Chapter 16. Jung’s Theory of Adulthood. Chapter 17. Chomsky’s Theory of Language Development. Chapter 18. Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory. Epilogue. A Developmental Perspective on the Standards Movement.