Lennart Wouter Kruijer is Lecturer in Ancient Visual and Material Culture at the Department of Classics, Ancient History, Religion and Theology of Exeter University. He previously held an ANAMED postdoctoral fellowship at Koç University. He obtained his PhD from Leiden University, which is the basis of his 2024 book The Palace of Samosata: Objectscapes, Ancient Globalization and Cultural Transformation in Commagene (4th c. BCE—1st c. CE) (Asia Minor Studien, Habelt Verlag).Miguel John Versluys is Full Professor and Chair of Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology at Leiden University and a member of the Academia Europaea as well as the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). His research focuses on the cultural dynamics that characterise the global ancient world. He actively engages with the presence of the past and the importance of deep history for our contemporary world and its future. Between 2016 and 2022, he directed the NWO VICI project Innovating Objects.Ian Lilley has worked in Australasian and Indo-Pacific archaeology and heritage for over 45 years. He is Professor Emeritus in the University of Queensland School of Social Science and was also inaugural Willem Willems Chair in the Faculty of Archaeology at Leiden University, 2015–2022. Ian is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Australian Academy of Humanities. He has held visiting positions around the globe, most recently at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Berlin. He has won numerous Australian Research Council and other national and international grants for archaeological research. He also has extensive experience with Australian and international heritage issues, from local to World Heritage level.

• Part 1 Introduction and theoretical perspectives; 1. Rooted Cosmopolitanism, Heritage and the Question of Belonging; 2. From the Root of Cosmopolitanism to Rootless Parasites. The Politics and normative Complexities of Rooted Cosmopolitanism; 3. Collaborative Archaeology as Rooted Cosmopolitanism?; 4. Globalisation, ancient Cosmopolitanism and the Western Bollywood; Part 2 Case Studies; 5. Local Pasts, Global Presents? Rooted Cosmopolitanism and (the Future of) Pelota Mixteca; 6. Rooted Cosmopolitanism in Southeast Türkiye? Contemporary Responses to Nemrut Dağı and ancient Commagene; 7. Karian Cosmopolitanism. Archaeology, Heritage, and Identity in Southwestern Türkiye; 8. The Locality of a Cosmopolitan Claim Revisited: Heritage of State Violence and Its Local Embeddedness on Green Island (Taiwan); 9. What have the Romans ever done for us? Towards a Relational Mnemohistory; 10. From Exported Modernism to Rooted Cosmopolitanism. Middle East Architecture between Socialism and Capitalism; Part 3 Conclusions; 11. Beyond the Local and the Global; 12. The Road to Anywhere: rooted cosmopolitanism in the universe

Lennart Wouter Kruijer is Lecturer in Ancient Visual and Material Culture at the Department of Classics, Ancient History, Religion and Theology of Exeter University. He previously held an ANAMED postdoctoral fellowship at Koç University. He obtained his PhD from Leiden University, which is the basis of his 2024 book The Palace of Samosata: Objectscapes, Ancient Globalization and Cultural Transformation in Commagene (4th c. BCE—1st c. CE) (Asia Minor Studien, Habelt Verlag).Miguel John Versluys is Full Professor and Chair of Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology at Leiden University and a member of the Academia Europaea as well as the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). His research focuses on the cultural dynamics that characterise the global ancient world. He actively engages with the presence of the past and the importance of deep history for our contemporary world and its future. Between 2016 and 2022, he directed the NWO VICI project Innovating Objects.Ian Lilley has worked in Australasian and Indo-Pacific archaeology and heritage for over 45 years. He is Professor Emeritus in the University of Queensland School of Social Science and was also inaugural Willem Willems Chair in the Faculty of Archaeology at Leiden University, 2015–2022. Ian is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Australian Academy of Humanities. He has held visiting positions around the globe, most recently at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Berlin. He has won numerous Australian Research Council and other national and international grants for archaeological research. He also has extensive experience with Australian and international heritage issues, from local to World Heritage level.

• Part 1 Introduction and theoretical perspectives; 1. Rooted Cosmopolitanism, Heritage and the Question of Belonging; 2. From the Root of Cosmopolitanism to Rootless Parasites. The Politics and normative Complexities of Rooted Cosmopolitanism; 3. Collaborative Archaeology as Rooted Cosmopolitanism?; 4. Globalisation, ancient Cosmopolitanism and the Western Bollywood; Part 2 Case Studies; 5. Local Pasts, Global Presents? Rooted Cosmopolitanism and (the Future of) Pelota Mixteca; 6. Rooted Cosmopolitanism in Southeast Türkiye? Contemporary Responses to Nemrut Dağı and ancient Commagene; 7. Karian Cosmopolitanism. Archaeology, Heritage, and Identity in Southwestern Türkiye; 8. The Locality of a Cosmopolitan Claim Revisited: Heritage of State Violence and Its Local Embeddedness on Green Island (Taiwan); 9. What have the Romans ever done for us? Towards a Relational Mnemohistory; 10. From Exported Modernism to Rooted Cosmopolitanism. Middle East Architecture between Socialism and Capitalism; Part 3 Conclusions; 11. Beyond the Local and the Global; 12. The Road to Anywhere: rooted cosmopolitanism in the universe

Lennart Wouter Kruijer is Lecturer in Ancient Visual and Material Culture at the Department of Classics, Ancient History, Religion and Theology of Exeter University. He previously held an ANAMED postdoctoral fellowship at Koç University. He obtained his PhD from Leiden University, which is the basis of his 2024 book The Palace of Samosata: Objectscapes, Ancient Globalization and Cultural Transformation in Commagene (4th c. BCE—1st c. CE) (Asia Minor Studien, Habelt Verlag).Miguel John Versluys is Full Professor and Chair of Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology at Leiden University and a member of the Academia Europaea as well as the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). His research focuses on the cultural dynamics that characterise the global ancient world. He actively engages with the presence of the past and the importance of deep history for our contemporary world and its future. Between 2016 and 2022, he directed the NWO VICI project Innovating Objects.Ian Lilley has worked in Australasian and Indo-Pacific archaeology and heritage for over 45 years. He is Professor Emeritus in the University of Queensland School of Social Science and was also inaugural Willem Willems Chair in the Faculty of Archaeology at Leiden University, 2015–2022. Ian is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Australian Academy of Humanities. He has held visiting positions around the globe, most recently at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Berlin. He has won numerous Australian Research Council and other national and international grants for archaeological research. He also has extensive experience with Australian and international heritage issues, from local to World Heritage level.

• Part 1 Introduction and theoretical perspectives; 1. Rooted Cosmopolitanism, Heritage and the Question of Belonging; 2. From the Root of Cosmopolitanism to Rootless Parasites. The Politics and normative Complexities of Rooted Cosmopolitanism; 3. Collaborative Archaeology as Rooted Cosmopolitanism?; 4. Globalisation, ancient Cosmopolitanism and the Western Bollywood; Part 2 Case Studies; 5. Local Pasts, Global Presents? Rooted Cosmopolitanism and (the Future of) Pelota Mixteca; 6. Rooted Cosmopolitanism in Southeast Türkiye? Contemporary Responses to Nemrut Dağı and ancient Commagene; 7. Karian Cosmopolitanism. Archaeology, Heritage, and Identity in Southwestern Türkiye; 8. The Locality of a Cosmopolitan Claim Revisited: Heritage of State Violence and Its Local Embeddedness on Green Island (Taiwan); 9. What have the Romans ever done for us? Towards a Relational Mnemohistory; 10. From Exported Modernism to Rooted Cosmopolitanism. Middle East Architecture between Socialism and Capitalism; Part 3 Conclusions; 11. Beyond the Local and the Global; 12. The Road to Anywhere: rooted cosmopolitanism in the universe