Fausto Scarinzi is a researcher who holds a PhD in Politics and International Relations from the University of Reading, where he taught and designed modules in IR and Strategic Studies and Insurgency and Counterinsurgency. He is an Associate Fellow of Advance Higher Education, UK.

• 1. Introduction 2. Political Context and Civilian Targeting in Expeditionary Counterinsurgency 3. The British Campaigns in Kenya (1952-1960) and Cyprus (1955-1959) 4. French Counterinsurgency in Algeria (1954-1962) 5. German Counterinsurgency in South-West Africa (1904-1907) 6. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (I): The US Campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan 7. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (II): Yemen and Palestine 8. Conclusions: The Enduring Challenge of Saving Civilians Appendix

Fausto Scarinzi is a researcher who holds a PhD in Politics and International Relations from the University of Reading, where he taught and designed modules in IR and Strategic Studies and Insurgency and Counterinsurgency. He is an Associate Fellow of Advance Higher Education, UK.

• 1. Introduction 2. Political Context and Civilian Targeting in Expeditionary Counterinsurgency 3. The British Campaigns in Kenya (1952-1960) and Cyprus (1955-1959) 4. French Counterinsurgency in Algeria (1954-1962) 5. German Counterinsurgency in South-West Africa (1904-1907) 6. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (I): The US Campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan 7. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (II): Yemen and Palestine 8. Conclusions: The Enduring Challenge of Saving Civilians Appendix

Fausto Scarinzi is a researcher who holds a PhD in Politics and International Relations from the University of Reading, where he taught and designed modules in IR and Strategic Studies and Insurgency and Counterinsurgency. He is an Associate Fellow of Advance Higher Education, UK.

• 1. Introduction 2. Political Context and Civilian Targeting in Expeditionary Counterinsurgency 3. The British Campaigns in Kenya (1952-1960) and Cyprus (1955-1959) 4. French Counterinsurgency in Algeria (1954-1962) 5. German Counterinsurgency in South-West Africa (1904-1907) 6. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (I): The US Campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan 7. Civilian Targeting in Counterinsurgency After the Cold War (II): Yemen and Palestine 8. Conclusions: The Enduring Challenge of Saving Civilians Appendix