Comprehensive Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants

Noureddine Chaachouay is a professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) of Berrechid, Hassan First University in Settat, Morocco, has had a distinguished academic and professional journey. His educational background is deeply rooted in the sciences, particularly botany and life sciences. He achieved his Doctorate Degree in Sciences in 2020 from the Faculty of Sciences at Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, with his thesis focusing on the Floristic and Ethnomedicinal Study of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants in the Rif region of Northern Morocco. Before his current role as an assistant professor, which he has held since 2020, he spent five years teaching secondary school in life and earth sciences in the Provincial Directorate of Education in Salé, Morocco. His credentials, which include a Certificate of Pedagogical Qualification for Secondary Education and a Certificate of Recognition of Success in the Professional Aptitude Examination for Secondary Education, further demonstrate his dedication to education. His technical skills are grounded in his diploma in systems and network computing. As a researcher, he is keenly interested in studying the use of plants in various areas, such as alternative medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, clothing, rituals, flavors, fragrances, and dyes. In recognition of his contributions to scientific research, Pr. Noureddine was awarded the prestigious Hassan First University Prize for Scientific Research in 2023, underscoring his status as a "young researcher." This accolade is a testament to his commitment to advancing knowledge in his field. His academic and professional experiences reflect a deep commitment to education and research, particularly in botany, climate change, and sustainable development.Abdelhamid Azeroual is a professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) of Berrechid, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco. He got his Ph.D. from Mohammed V-Agdal University in Rabat, Morocco. He has over 20 years' experience in research, teaching, and administration. As part of his professional activities, he has received several scientific research grants (German DAAD, etc.) and participated in several European Tempus programs. As a permanent member of the "Agri-Food and Health" research laboratory, he first developed his research on the ichthyofauna of the continental waters of Morocco, conducting the very first assessment of North African freshwater fish in 2007. He later extended his area of research to include the field of aromatic and medicinal plants. Since then, he has successfully published numerous papers in reputed and internationally recognized journals and several book chapters for internationally renowned publishers.Zidane Lahcen is a professor in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, since 1997. His work focuses primarily on plant species, and agro-industrial production. This indicates a strong focus on applied biological sciences, especially in areas that intersect with botany, agriculture, and biotechnology. In addition to teaching, he is interested in research on the use of medicinal and aromatic plants by the local communities of Morocco. In addition, he is also the owner of a project focused on the inventory and preservation of plant species at the national level in Morocco. This project aims to establish the cataloging and mapping of the different plant species present in Morocco and the identification of threatened or endangered species. Given his position and area of expertise, Professor Lahcen is involved in teaching, mentoring students, and contributing to the academic community at the university. His role as a professor at a higher education institution confirms his commitment to educating the next generation of scientists and researchers in plant biology.

• Chapter 1. Chambá - (Justicia pectoralis Jacq. - Acanthaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 2. Sweet flag - (Acorus calamus L. - Acoraceae)Mustafa Keskin, Volkan Altay, and Munir OzturChapter 3. Kanna - (Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E. Br. - Aizoaceae)Aneeqa Hanif and Alvina GulChapter 4. Pancratium lily - (Pancratium trianthum Herb. - Amaryllidaceae)Munir Ozturk, Mustafa Keskin, and Volkan AltayChapter 5. Dream herb - (Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. - Asteraceae)Iqra Siddique and Alvina GulChapter 6. Iboga - Tabernanthe iboga Baill. - ApocynaceaeEmmanuel Muhumuza and Godwin AnywarChapter 7. False Peyote - (Lophophora diffusa (Croizat) Bravo - Cactaceae)Ehsan Ali, Muhammad Farooq Azhar, and Ume LailaChapter 8. San Pedro cactus - (Echinopsis pachanoi - (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D. owley – CactceaeTalha Imtiaz, Ehsan Ali, and Muhammad Farooq AzharChapter 9. Peyote - (Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M. Coult. - CactaceaeViktória L. Balázs, Nagy-Radványi Lilla, Ágnes Farkas, and Eszter CsikósChapter 10. Devil's tobacco - (Lobelia tupa L. - Campanulaceae)Lilla Nagy-Radványi, Eszter Csikós, Ágnes Farkas, and Viktória L. BalázsChapter 11. Marijuana - (Cannabis sativa L. - Cannabaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Ouafae Benkhnigue, Abdelhamid Azeroual, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 12. Bushman's tea - (Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. - Celastraceae)Priyatama Vijaysing Powar and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 13. Chilean Holly - (Desfontainia spinosa Ruiz & Pav. - Columelliaceae)Murad Muhammad, Nimrah Ameen, Gopal Dixit, Yasir Arafat, Abdullah Abdullah, andAbdul WahabChapter 14. Christmas vine - (Ipomoea corymbosa (L.) Roth - Convolvulaceae)Eszter Csikós, Viktória L. Balázs, Ágnes Farkas, and Lilla Nagy-RadványiChapter 15. Beach Moonflower - (Ipomoea violacea L. - Convolvulaceae)Anywar Godwin, Ojelel Samue, Tugume, Patience, Ssenku Jamilu, and Kakudidi EsezahChapter 16. Coca - (Erythroxylum coca Lam. - Erythroxylaceae)Shehar Bano, Alvina Gul, and Munir OzturkChapter 17. Tepezcohuite - (Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton & Rose [syn.: Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.] - Fabaceae)Mustafa Keskin, Volkan Altay, and Munir OzturkChapter 18. Sensitive plant - (Mimosa pudica L. - Fabaceae)Mustafa Keskin, Volkan Altay, Alvina Gul, and Munir OzturkChapter 19. Yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. Fabaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Allal Douira, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 20. Vilca - (Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan - Fabaceae)Ruvimbo Jessy Mapaya and Alfred MaroyiChapter 21. Canary broom – (Cytisus canariensis (L.) Kuntze - Fabaceae)Tamara Attard and Everaldo AttardChapter 22. Mescal Bean (Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC. FabaceaeNoureddine Chaachouay and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 23. Coral tree - (Erythrina americana Mill. - Fabaceae)Anam Fatima, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Wajiha Zaka Ansari, Salman Majeed, and Nida ZahraChapter 24. Snoutbean - (Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. - Fabaceae)Syed Sabir Hussain Shah, Saba Latif, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Zia ur Rehman Mashwani, Mubashrah Munir, and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 25. Agara (Galbulimima belgraveana (F. Muell.) Sprague - Himantandraceae)Daniyal Hussain, Ehsan Ali, and Muhammad Farooq AzharChapter 26. Queule - (Gomortega keule (Molina) Baill. - Gomortegaceae)Rahmatullah Qureshi et al.,Chapter 27. Catnip -(Nepeta cataria L. - Lamiaceae)Belkıs Muca Yiğit, İlker Çinbilgel, Sefa Gözcü, Ahmet Zafer TEL, and Ahmad AliChapter 28. Inebriating mint - (Lagochilus inebrians Bunge - Lamiaceae)Rahmatullah Qureshi, Ayesha Siddiqa, and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 29. Diviner's sage - (Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva – Lamiaceae)Mai M. Younis, Ahmed M. Elissawy, Samir M. Osman, Gokhan Zengin, Omayma A. Eldahshan, and Abdel Nasser B. SingabChapter 30: Sinicuichi - (Heimia salicifolia (Kunth) Link - Lythraceae)Rahmatullah Qureshi et al.,Chapter 31. Ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) Morton Malpighiaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Abdelkarim El Djiri, Abderrahmaine Katiri, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 32. Muiratinga (Maquira sclerophylla (Ducke) C.C.Berg - Moraceae)Noureddine Chaachouay and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 33. Epená - (Virola theiodora (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb. - Myristicaceae)Muhammad Younas, Ayesha Siddiqa, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Sabith Rehman, and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 34. Virola - (Virola calophylla (Spruce) Warb. - Myristicaceae)Rahmatullah Qureshi, Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Ishaq, Mehmooda Munazir, Muhammad Maqsood, Sehrish Sadia, and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 35. Red ucuuba (Virola sebifera Aubl. Myristicaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Allal Douira, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 36. Fragrant nutmeg - (Myristica fragrans Houtt. - Myristicaceae)Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara, Harmand A. Hama, Aisha Abdullahi Mahmud, Bawale Sani Halliru, Isah Labaran, and Hussaini DanlamiChapter 37. Wild rue - (Peganum harmala L. - Nitrariaceae)Fathia Benlarbi and Noureddine ChaachouayChapter 38. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. - Papaveraceae)Abdelhamid Azeroual, Noureddine Chaachouay, Ouafae Benkhnigue, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Bouchaib Bencharki, Khadija Temmante, and Aziz BaidaniChapter 39. Kava - (Piper methysticum G.Forst. - Piperaceae)Frank Kalungi and Godwin AnywarChapter 40. Belladonna - (Atropa belladonna L. - Solanaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Abdelhamid Azeroual, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad Ansari, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Bouchaib Bencherki, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 41. Black henbane - (Hyoscyamus niger L. - Solanaceae)Ouafae Benkhnigue, Noureddine Chaachouay, Jamaa Habchaoui, Khadija Temmante, Abdelhamid Azeroual, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 42. Mandrake - (Mandragora officinarum L. - Solanaceae)Jamaa Habchaoui, Noureddine Chaachouay, and Ouafae BenkhnigueChapter 43. Cultivated tobacco - (Nicotiana tabacum L. - Cannabaceae)Bouchaib Bencharki, Noureddine Chaachouay, Abdelhamid Azeroual, and Aziz BaidaniChapter 44. Having hairy flowers - (Latua pubiflora (Griseb.) Baill.-Solanaceae)Ume Laila, Ehsan Ali, and Muhammad Farooq AzharChapter 45. Pricklyburr - (Datura innoxia Miller - Solanaceae)Volkan Altay, Mustafa Keskin, Alvina Gul, and Munir OzturkChapter 46. Golden angel's trumpet - (Datura stramonium L. - Solanaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Fathia Benlarbi, Abdelhamid Azeroual, Abdel Khalid Essamadi, Rahmatullah Qureshi, and Lahcen ZidaneChapter 47. Jimson Weed - (Brugmansia pittieri (Saff.) Moldenke - Solanaceae)Khola Rafique and Alvina GulChapter 48. Squirting cucumber - (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich. - Cucurbitaceae)Munir Ozturk, Volkan Altay, Mustafa Keskin, and Alvina GulChapter 49. Ginger - (Zingiber officinale Roscoe - Zingiberaceae)Khadija Temmante, Noureddine Chaachouay, Ouafae Benkhnigue, and Abdelhamid AzeroualChapter 50. Lesser galangal - (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. - Zingiberaceae)Noureddine Chaachouay, Ouafae Benkhnigue, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad Ansari, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Abdelhamid Azeroual, Bouchaib Bencherki, and Lahcen Zidane