Ximena Alba Villalever is an anthropologist, researcher, and professor in the Institute for Latin American Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin, where she is a coordinator of the Gender Studies profile of the Master’s program. Her research has focused on migration processes with a particular interest on gender, labor, inequality, globalization, and violence.Stephanie Schütze is Professor for Cultural and Social Anthropology with a specialization in gender and migration studies at the Lateinamerika-Institut of Freie Universität Berlin. She has conducted research on political culture, social movements, migration, and gender relations in diverse contexts and regions in Mexico, the United States, and Brazil.Ludger Pries held Chair of Sociology and is now Senior Professor at the Department of Social Science of Ruhr-University Bochum. He had longer teaching and research stays in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. Fields of research are (international comparative) sociology of migration, work and organizations, life-course research, and transnationalism.Oscar Calderón Morillón is Research Professor at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. His lines of research are labor studies and migration processes in the contexts of exclusion and vulnerability.

"Forced Migration across Mexico is a timely volume that conceptualizes the root causes of violence in migrant trajectories. With a focus on theoretical frameworks, violence on the southern and northern borders, migrant caravans, and gendered patterns, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between migration and violence in Mexico."Xóchitl Bada, Associate Professor in Latin American and Latino Studies, University of Illinois Chicago

• Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction: Approaches to organized violence and forced migration in transit through MexicoXimena Alba Villalever, Stephanie Schütze, Ludger Pries, and Oscar Calderón MorillónPart I – The effects of violence and border regimes on migration processesChapter 2: Violence and Central American migrants on Mexico’s southern borderMartha Luz Rojas-WiesnerChapter 3: Entanglement of violences: Doubly forced migrants transiting across the AmericasSoledad Álvarez Velasco and Bruno MirandaChapter 4: Externalization, violence, and migrants’ lengthy wait at Mexico’s northern borderM. Dolores París-PomboPart II – Forced migrants’ experiences with organized violenceChapter 5: Investigating in-transit migration through Mexico within the context of violence and the pandemicOscar Calderón Morillón, Amir Estrada, Marlene Rodríguez, Axel Ortiz, Karla Gutiérrez, Estefanía Gutiérrez, Aranza Climaco, Antonio Amat, Alan Rodríguez, Javier Solís, and Eusebio MotoChapter 6: Forced migration and organized violence between the Northern Triangle of Central America and Mexico: Evidence from a 2020 surveyLudger Pries, Berna Şafak Zülfikar Savci, Ximena Alba Villalever, and Oscar Calderón MorillónChapter 7: Caravanas migrantes as counter-strategies against violence and (im)mobilityXimena Alba Villalever and Stephanie SchützeChapter 8: Ties along the arterial border in Mexico: Groups, institutions, and informationAlejandra Díaz de León and John Doering-WhitePart III – Gender and violence in migration trajectoriesChapter 9: Gendered patterns of mobility and access to refugee protection of Central American migrants and refugees in MexicoSusanne WillersChapter 10: Organized violence in life histories of Central American migrant women Melanie Nayeli Wieschalla Chapter 11: Waiting as violence: The interactions of gender and waiting mechanisms in the asylum systems of the United States and MexicoPia Berghoff and Lya Cuéllar

Ximena Alba Villalever is an anthropologist, researcher, and professor in the Institute for Latin American Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin, where she is a coordinator of the Gender Studies profile of the Master’s program. Her research has focused on migration processes with a particular interest on gender, labor, inequality, globalization, and violence.Stephanie Schütze is Professor for Cultural and Social Anthropology with a specialization in gender and migration studies at the Lateinamerika-Institut of Freie Universität Berlin. She has conducted research on political culture, social movements, migration, and gender relations in diverse contexts and regions in Mexico, the United States, and Brazil.Ludger Pries held Chair of Sociology and is now Senior Professor at the Department of Social Science of Ruhr-University Bochum. He had longer teaching and research stays in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. Fields of research are (international comparative) sociology of migration, work and organizations, life-course research, and transnationalism.Oscar Calderón Morillón is Research Professor at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. His lines of research are labor studies and migration processes in the contexts of exclusion and vulnerability.

"Forced Migration across Mexico is a timely volume that conceptualizes the root causes of violence in migrant trajectories. With a focus on theoretical frameworks, violence on the southern and northern borders, migrant caravans, and gendered patterns, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between migration and violence in Mexico."Xóchitl Bada, Associate Professor in Latin American and Latino Studies, University of Illinois Chicago

• Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction: Approaches to organized violence and forced migration in transit through MexicoXimena Alba Villalever, Stephanie Schütze, Ludger Pries, and Oscar Calderón MorillónPart I – The effects of violence and border regimes on migration processesChapter 2: Violence and Central American migrants on Mexico’s southern borderMartha Luz Rojas-WiesnerChapter 3: Entanglement of violences: Doubly forced migrants transiting across the AmericasSoledad Álvarez Velasco and Bruno MirandaChapter 4: Externalization, violence, and migrants’ lengthy wait at Mexico’s northern borderM. Dolores París-PomboPart II – Forced migrants’ experiences with organized violenceChapter 5: Investigating in-transit migration through Mexico within the context of violence and the pandemicOscar Calderón Morillón, Amir Estrada, Marlene Rodríguez, Axel Ortiz, Karla Gutiérrez, Estefanía Gutiérrez, Aranza Climaco, Antonio Amat, Alan Rodríguez, Javier Solís, and Eusebio MotoChapter 6: Forced migration and organized violence between the Northern Triangle of Central America and Mexico: Evidence from a 2020 surveyLudger Pries, Berna Şafak Zülfikar Savci, Ximena Alba Villalever, and Oscar Calderón MorillónChapter 7: Caravanas migrantes as counter-strategies against violence and (im)mobilityXimena Alba Villalever and Stephanie SchützeChapter 8: Ties along the arterial border in Mexico: Groups, institutions, and informationAlejandra Díaz de León and John Doering-WhitePart III – Gender and violence in migration trajectoriesChapter 9: Gendered patterns of mobility and access to refugee protection of Central American migrants and refugees in MexicoSusanne WillersChapter 10: Organized violence in life histories of Central American migrant women Melanie Nayeli Wieschalla Chapter 11: Waiting as violence: The interactions of gender and waiting mechanisms in the asylum systems of the United States and MexicoPia Berghoff and Lya Cuéllar

Ximena Alba Villalever is an anthropologist, researcher, and professor in the Institute for Latin American Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin, where she is a coordinator of the Gender Studies profile of the Master’s program. Her research has focused on migration processes with a particular interest on gender, labor, inequality, globalization, and violence.Stephanie Schütze is Professor for Cultural and Social Anthropology with a specialization in gender and migration studies at the Lateinamerika-Institut of Freie Universität Berlin. She has conducted research on political culture, social movements, migration, and gender relations in diverse contexts and regions in Mexico, the United States, and Brazil.Ludger Pries held Chair of Sociology and is now Senior Professor at the Department of Social Science of Ruhr-University Bochum. He had longer teaching and research stays in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. Fields of research are (international comparative) sociology of migration, work and organizations, life-course research, and transnationalism.Oscar Calderón Morillón is Research Professor at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. His lines of research are labor studies and migration processes in the contexts of exclusion and vulnerability.

"Forced Migration across Mexico is a timely volume that conceptualizes the root causes of violence in migrant trajectories. With a focus on theoretical frameworks, violence on the southern and northern borders, migrant caravans, and gendered patterns, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between migration and violence in Mexico."Xóchitl Bada, Associate Professor in Latin American and Latino Studies, University of Illinois Chicago

• Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction: Approaches to organized violence and forced migration in transit through MexicoXimena Alba Villalever, Stephanie Schütze, Ludger Pries, and Oscar Calderón MorillónPart I – The effects of violence and border regimes on migration processesChapter 2: Violence and Central American migrants on Mexico’s southern borderMartha Luz Rojas-WiesnerChapter 3: Entanglement of violences: Doubly forced migrants transiting across the AmericasSoledad Álvarez Velasco and Bruno MirandaChapter 4: Externalization, violence, and migrants’ lengthy wait at Mexico’s northern borderM. Dolores París-PomboPart II – Forced migrants’ experiences with organized violenceChapter 5: Investigating in-transit migration through Mexico within the context of violence and the pandemicOscar Calderón Morillón, Amir Estrada, Marlene Rodríguez, Axel Ortiz, Karla Gutiérrez, Estefanía Gutiérrez, Aranza Climaco, Antonio Amat, Alan Rodríguez, Javier Solís, and Eusebio MotoChapter 6: Forced migration and organized violence between the Northern Triangle of Central America and Mexico: Evidence from a 2020 surveyLudger Pries, Berna Şafak Zülfikar Savci, Ximena Alba Villalever, and Oscar Calderón MorillónChapter 7: Caravanas migrantes as counter-strategies against violence and (im)mobilityXimena Alba Villalever and Stephanie SchützeChapter 8: Ties along the arterial border in Mexico: Groups, institutions, and informationAlejandra Díaz de León and John Doering-WhitePart III – Gender and violence in migration trajectoriesChapter 9: Gendered patterns of mobility and access to refugee protection of Central American migrants and refugees in MexicoSusanne WillersChapter 10: Organized violence in life histories of Central American migrant women Melanie Nayeli Wieschalla Chapter 11: Waiting as violence: The interactions of gender and waiting mechanisms in the asylum systems of the United States and MexicoPia Berghoff and Lya Cuéllar