Ryuji Hattori is a Professor in the Faculty of Policy Studies at Chuo University, Japan and has a Bachelor’s from Kyoto University, an MA from Johns Hopkins University, and a Ph.D. from Kobe University.Graham B. Leonard is an Independent Translator and Researcher based in Seattle, Washington, USA.

• List of illustrations Preface Usage Notes Name Equivalencies Acronyms Introduction: Japanese Diplomacy and Interwar East Asia’s “Four Waves of International Change” 1 The First Wave of International Change and Hara Diplomacy: September 1918 to November 1921 – The Hara Government 2 The Creation of the Washington System and the Second Wave of International Change: November 1921 to January 1924 – The Takahashi, Kato- Tomosaburo - , and Yamamoto Governments 3 New Movements in China and the Soviet Union and the First Era of Shidehara Diplomacy: January 1924 to April 1927 – The Kiyoura, Kato- Takaaki, and Wakatsuki Governments 4 The Establishment of the Nationalist Government and Tanaka Diplomacy: April 1927 to July 1929 – The Tanaka Government 5 The Second Era of Shidehara Diplomacy and the Third Wave of International Change: July 1929 to December 1931 – The Hamaguchi and Wakatsuki Governments Conclusion: International Changes and Policy Trends Afterword Index

Ryuji Hattori is a Professor in the Faculty of Policy Studies at Chuo University, Japan and has a Bachelor’s from Kyoto University, an MA from Johns Hopkins University, and a Ph.D. from Kobe University.Graham B. Leonard is an Independent Translator and Researcher based in Seattle, Washington, USA.

• List of illustrations Preface Usage Notes Name Equivalencies Acronyms Introduction: Japanese Diplomacy and Interwar East Asia’s “Four Waves of International Change” 1 The First Wave of International Change and Hara Diplomacy: September 1918 to November 1921 – The Hara Government 2 The Creation of the Washington System and the Second Wave of International Change: November 1921 to January 1924 – The Takahashi, Kato- Tomosaburo - , and Yamamoto Governments 3 New Movements in China and the Soviet Union and the First Era of Shidehara Diplomacy: January 1924 to April 1927 – The Kiyoura, Kato- Takaaki, and Wakatsuki Governments 4 The Establishment of the Nationalist Government and Tanaka Diplomacy: April 1927 to July 1929 – The Tanaka Government 5 The Second Era of Shidehara Diplomacy and the Third Wave of International Change: July 1929 to December 1931 – The Hamaguchi and Wakatsuki Governments Conclusion: International Changes and Policy Trends Afterword Index

Ryuji Hattori is a Professor in the Faculty of Policy Studies at Chuo University, Japan and has a Bachelor’s from Kyoto University, an MA from Johns Hopkins University, and a Ph.D. from Kobe University.Graham B. Leonard is an Independent Translator and Researcher based in Seattle, Washington, USA.

• List of illustrations Preface Usage Notes Name Equivalencies Acronyms Introduction: Japanese Diplomacy and Interwar East Asia’s “Four Waves of International Change” 1 The First Wave of International Change and Hara Diplomacy: September 1918 to November 1921 – The Hara Government 2 The Creation of the Washington System and the Second Wave of International Change: November 1921 to January 1924 – The Takahashi, Kato- Tomosaburo - , and Yamamoto Governments 3 New Movements in China and the Soviet Union and the First Era of Shidehara Diplomacy: January 1924 to April 1927 – The Kiyoura, Kato- Takaaki, and Wakatsuki Governments 4 The Establishment of the Nationalist Government and Tanaka Diplomacy: April 1927 to July 1929 – The Tanaka Government 5 The Second Era of Shidehara Diplomacy and the Third Wave of International Change: July 1929 to December 1931 – The Hamaguchi and Wakatsuki Governments Conclusion: International Changes and Policy Trends Afterword Index