Federica Goffi is Professor of Architecture at the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Her most recent book, Architecture in Conversion: Time, Weather and Tempo in the Work of Carlo Scarpa, was published by Lund Humphrey (2025). Earlier, she published Time Matter[s]: Invention and Re-imagination in Built Conservation: The Unfinished Drawing and Building of St. Peter’s in the Vatican (2013). Her recent edited volumes include The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models: From Translating to Archiving, Collecting and Displaying (Routledge 2022); InterVIEWS: Insights and Introspection in Doctoral Research in Architecture (Routledge 2019); Marco Frascari’s Dream House: A Theory of Imagination (Routledge 2017); and the co-edited Architectures of Hiding (Routledge 2024); Ceilings and Dreams: The Architecture of Levity (Routledge 2019). She is the editor of And Yet It Moves: Ethics, Power, and Politics in the Stories of Collecting, Archiving and Displaying of Drawings and Models (Routledge 2021). She has been Co-Chair of the PhD and MAS Program in Architecture (2017–2025), Interim Director (2021–2022), and Associate Director of Graduate and Professional programmes (2011–2017). She holds a PhD in Architecture and Design Research (Virginia Tech), a Dottore in Architettura (University of Genoa), and she is a licensed architect in her native country, Italy.Isabel Potworowski is Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Cincinnati, where she teaches undergraduate design studio and drawing. She defended her PhD at Carleton University in Ottawa (2025) titled “Discovering Spiritual Atmospheres: Representation Practices in Atelier Zumthor’s Process of Design Buildings That Amplify Spiritual Atmospheres.” She completed her Bachelor’s in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, her professional Master’s in Architecture at TU Delft, and obtained a Master’s in Architectural History and Theory at McGill. In the Netherlands, she worked at Barcode Architects, the International New Town Institute, and Mecanoo Architecten. Her research interests include the spiritual dimension of architecture, embodied and experiential qualities of space, the design process, and design pedagogy.Kristin Washco, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Architecture at Virginia Polytechnic Institute’s School of Architecture, and a Registered Architect. She received her PhD in Architectural History + Theory at the ASAU, Carleton University, Canada, where she was the former co-coordinator of CR|PT|C (Carleton Research Practice of Teaching Collaborative). She received her Master’s in Architectural History and Theory from McGill University and her professional degree in Architecture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. She has practiced professionally across the United States and Canada, and her professional work with NOROOF Architects, DXA Studio, and MADERA has won multiple awards, including the AIA Award of Excellence. In 2021, she co‑founded the design firm Métier Projects. Her research interests are centred around the synaesthetic experience of architecture, methods of architectural representation, and the translation from page to built work.

“Inclusive and playful, meticulous and thoughtful, the essays of this long-needed book liberate designers in their pursuit of architectural inspiration. Gems lurking in unexpected places—dismissed for years—are brought brilliantly to the fore by an impressive group of contributing authors. (Un)common Precedents will fast become a classic.”Dr. ir. Angeliki Sioli, Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft.“Architectural imagination is an open search. This collection navigates new paths of inquiry, leading architects to an expanded repertoire of knowledge and inspiration. From fields of music, literature, gastronomy and Indigenous engagement, uncommon precedents appear as cunning protagonists in an architectural story ever unfolding. Be prepared to rethink the exemplary.”Lisa Landrum, Professor and Chair, Department of Architectural Science, TMU. Co-editor, Theatres of Architectural Imagination."What inspires architectural ideas and designs? This resourceful book provides many ingenious answers, valuable for students, practitioners, and scholars alike. Reaching far beyond traditional typology like J.N.L. Durand’s imposition of a grid to regularize all architectural history, (Un)common Precedents explores alternative contemporary and historical approaches that open and examine possibilities in media, materials, spatial justice, environmentalism and much more across the arts to inform the architectural imagination."Paul Emmons, Patrick and Nancy Lathrop Professor of Architecture, Virginia Tech.

• Introduction Part I: (Un)Common Intentions: Why We Study Precedents (Un)Common Workshop I: (Un)Common Relationalities: Between Architecture and Indigenous Engagement Research Practices The Anti-Precedent 1. Encountering History: Precedent Avoidance at the Bauhaus and Its Legacy 2. Precedents in Architecture: Design, History, and Discontinuity 3. The Immanent Collapse as Precedent: Chronopathological Compulsions Subverting Precedents 4. Dis/continuous Genealogies: Douglas Darden’s Ideograms 5. Uncommon References: Le Corbusier, the Primal and the Flesh of Matter 6. Architectures beyond an Architect: Uncommon Practices from the Uncommon Global Majority in Post-Apartheid South Africa 7. The Drawings of Lat: The Graphic Novel as an Uncommon Precedent for Knowing, Seeing, and Thinking about Architecture (Un)Common Workshop II: Between Music and Architecture: Sounding the Precedent Part II: (Un)Common References: What We Study The Divergence of Precedents 8. (Un)Common by Sex: Urgent Archival Inclusions and the International Archive of Women in Architecture 9. Without Walls: Citing Sites Beyond “Parallel of Life and Art” 10. Architectural Rehearsal: Unearthing Embodied Architectural Precedents Reexamining Typologies 11. Uncommon Constructions: Departures from the Ubiquitous Canadian Wood-Frame House 12. The Department Store’s Lapidary Imagination 13. Re-Examining and Repositioning the Idea of Dwelling in Typological Planning in Post-World-War Japan 14. Observation, Documentation, and Imagined Situations of Life: The Yeouido Sibum Apartments as an Uncommon South Korean Modern Architectural Precedent (Un)Common Workshop III: Between Literature and Architecture: Writing as a Mode of Investigation Part III: (Un)Common (Trans)Media and Methods: How We Study Precedents The Sensorium 15. Un/Sound Histories: Finding the Uncommon in the Work of Adolf Loos 16. Precedents as Spoken Constructions: Imagining through Shared Oral Recollections in Architects’ Design Conversations 17. Poetic Language as a Thinking with Things: Storytelling and the Imagination of Matter in Bruno Schulz’s Mythization 18. Transversal Echotectonics: Finding an Uncommon Model of Architectural Sonics in the Work of Athanasius Kircher Drawings, Models, Film and Pedagogy 19. Film-Writing Architecture 20. A Path Not Taken: A Study on the Beginning of Álvaro Siza’s Project for the Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto 21. THEEND: Matta-Clark’s South American Cut 22. Drawing Continuously: A Report on Two Projects (Un)Common Workshop IV: Between Gastronomy and Architecture: Recipes for Building

Federica Goffi is Professor of Architecture at the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Her most recent book, Architecture in Conversion: Time, Weather and Tempo in the Work of Carlo Scarpa, was published by Lund Humphrey (2025). Earlier, she published Time Matter[s]: Invention and Re-imagination in Built Conservation: The Unfinished Drawing and Building of St. Peter’s in the Vatican (2013). Her recent edited volumes include The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models: From Translating to Archiving, Collecting and Displaying (Routledge 2022); InterVIEWS: Insights and Introspection in Doctoral Research in Architecture (Routledge 2019); Marco Frascari’s Dream House: A Theory of Imagination (Routledge 2017); and the co-edited Architectures of Hiding (Routledge 2024); Ceilings and Dreams: The Architecture of Levity (Routledge 2019). She is the editor of And Yet It Moves: Ethics, Power, and Politics in the Stories of Collecting, Archiving and Displaying of Drawings and Models (Routledge 2021). She has been Co-Chair of the PhD and MAS Program in Architecture (2017–2025), Interim Director (2021–2022), and Associate Director of Graduate and Professional programmes (2011–2017). She holds a PhD in Architecture and Design Research (Virginia Tech), a Dottore in Architettura (University of Genoa), and she is a licensed architect in her native country, Italy.Isabel Potworowski is Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Cincinnati, where she teaches undergraduate design studio and drawing. She defended her PhD at Carleton University in Ottawa (2025) titled “Discovering Spiritual Atmospheres: Representation Practices in Atelier Zumthor’s Process of Design Buildings That Amplify Spiritual Atmospheres.” She completed her Bachelor’s in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, her professional Master’s in Architecture at TU Delft, and obtained a Master’s in Architectural History and Theory at McGill. In the Netherlands, she worked at Barcode Architects, the International New Town Institute, and Mecanoo Architecten. Her research interests include the spiritual dimension of architecture, embodied and experiential qualities of space, the design process, and design pedagogy.Kristin Washco, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Architecture at Virginia Polytechnic Institute’s School of Architecture, and a Registered Architect. She received her PhD in Architectural History + Theory at the ASAU, Carleton University, Canada, where she was the former co-coordinator of CR|PT|C (Carleton Research Practice of Teaching Collaborative). She received her Master’s in Architectural History and Theory from McGill University and her professional degree in Architecture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. She has practiced professionally across the United States and Canada, and her professional work with NOROOF Architects, DXA Studio, and MADERA has won multiple awards, including the AIA Award of Excellence. In 2021, she co‑founded the design firm Métier Projects. Her research interests are centred around the synaesthetic experience of architecture, methods of architectural representation, and the translation from page to built work.

“Inclusive and playful, meticulous and thoughtful, the essays of this long-needed book liberate designers in their pursuit of architectural inspiration. Gems lurking in unexpected places—dismissed for years—are brought brilliantly to the fore by an impressive group of contributing authors. (Un)common Precedents will fast become a classic.”Dr. ir. Angeliki Sioli, Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft.“Architectural imagination is an open search. This collection navigates new paths of inquiry, leading architects to an expanded repertoire of knowledge and inspiration. From fields of music, literature, gastronomy and Indigenous engagement, uncommon precedents appear as cunning protagonists in an architectural story ever unfolding. Be prepared to rethink the exemplary.”Lisa Landrum, Professor and Chair, Department of Architectural Science, TMU. Co-editor, Theatres of Architectural Imagination."What inspires architectural ideas and designs? This resourceful book provides many ingenious answers, valuable for students, practitioners, and scholars alike. Reaching far beyond traditional typology like J.N.L. Durand’s imposition of a grid to regularize all architectural history, (Un)common Precedents explores alternative contemporary and historical approaches that open and examine possibilities in media, materials, spatial justice, environmentalism and much more across the arts to inform the architectural imagination."Paul Emmons, Patrick and Nancy Lathrop Professor of Architecture, Virginia Tech.

• Introduction Part I: (Un)Common Intentions: Why We Study Precedents (Un)Common Workshop I: (Un)Common Relationalities: Between Architecture and Indigenous Engagement Research Practices The Anti-Precedent 1. Encountering History: Precedent Avoidance at the Bauhaus and Its Legacy 2. Precedents in Architecture: Design, History, and Discontinuity 3. The Immanent Collapse as Precedent: Chronopathological Compulsions Subverting Precedents 4. Dis/continuous Genealogies: Douglas Darden’s Ideograms 5. Uncommon References: Le Corbusier, the Primal and the Flesh of Matter 6. Architectures beyond an Architect: Uncommon Practices from the Uncommon Global Majority in Post-Apartheid South Africa 7. The Drawings of Lat: The Graphic Novel as an Uncommon Precedent for Knowing, Seeing, and Thinking about Architecture (Un)Common Workshop II: Between Music and Architecture: Sounding the Precedent Part II: (Un)Common References: What We Study The Divergence of Precedents 8. (Un)Common by Sex: Urgent Archival Inclusions and the International Archive of Women in Architecture 9. Without Walls: Citing Sites Beyond “Parallel of Life and Art” 10. Architectural Rehearsal: Unearthing Embodied Architectural Precedents Reexamining Typologies 11. Uncommon Constructions: Departures from the Ubiquitous Canadian Wood-Frame House 12. The Department Store’s Lapidary Imagination 13. Re-Examining and Repositioning the Idea of Dwelling in Typological Planning in Post-World-War Japan 14. Observation, Documentation, and Imagined Situations of Life: The Yeouido Sibum Apartments as an Uncommon South Korean Modern Architectural Precedent (Un)Common Workshop III: Between Literature and Architecture: Writing as a Mode of Investigation Part III: (Un)Common (Trans)Media and Methods: How We Study Precedents The Sensorium 15. Un/Sound Histories: Finding the Uncommon in the Work of Adolf Loos 16. Precedents as Spoken Constructions: Imagining through Shared Oral Recollections in Architects’ Design Conversations 17. Poetic Language as a Thinking with Things: Storytelling and the Imagination of Matter in Bruno Schulz’s Mythization 18. Transversal Echotectonics: Finding an Uncommon Model of Architectural Sonics in the Work of Athanasius Kircher Drawings, Models, Film and Pedagogy 19. Film-Writing Architecture 20. A Path Not Taken: A Study on the Beginning of Álvaro Siza’s Project for the Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto 21. THEEND: Matta-Clark’s South American Cut 22. Drawing Continuously: A Report on Two Projects (Un)Common Workshop IV: Between Gastronomy and Architecture: Recipes for Building

Federica Goffi is Professor of Architecture at the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Her most recent book, Architecture in Conversion: Time, Weather and Tempo in the Work of Carlo Scarpa, was published by Lund Humphrey (2025). Earlier, she published Time Matter[s]: Invention and Re-imagination in Built Conservation: The Unfinished Drawing and Building of St. Peter’s in the Vatican (2013). Her recent edited volumes include The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models: From Translating to Archiving, Collecting and Displaying (Routledge 2022); InterVIEWS: Insights and Introspection in Doctoral Research in Architecture (Routledge 2019); Marco Frascari’s Dream House: A Theory of Imagination (Routledge 2017); and the co-edited Architectures of Hiding (Routledge 2024); Ceilings and Dreams: The Architecture of Levity (Routledge 2019). She is the editor of And Yet It Moves: Ethics, Power, and Politics in the Stories of Collecting, Archiving and Displaying of Drawings and Models (Routledge 2021). She has been Co-Chair of the PhD and MAS Program in Architecture (2017–2025), Interim Director (2021–2022), and Associate Director of Graduate and Professional programmes (2011–2017). She holds a PhD in Architecture and Design Research (Virginia Tech), a Dottore in Architettura (University of Genoa), and she is a licensed architect in her native country, Italy.Isabel Potworowski is Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Cincinnati, where she teaches undergraduate design studio and drawing. She defended her PhD at Carleton University in Ottawa (2025) titled “Discovering Spiritual Atmospheres: Representation Practices in Atelier Zumthor’s Process of Design Buildings That Amplify Spiritual Atmospheres.” She completed her Bachelor’s in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, her professional Master’s in Architecture at TU Delft, and obtained a Master’s in Architectural History and Theory at McGill. In the Netherlands, she worked at Barcode Architects, the International New Town Institute, and Mecanoo Architecten. Her research interests include the spiritual dimension of architecture, embodied and experiential qualities of space, the design process, and design pedagogy.Kristin Washco, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Architecture at Virginia Polytechnic Institute’s School of Architecture, and a Registered Architect. She received her PhD in Architectural History + Theory at the ASAU, Carleton University, Canada, where she was the former co-coordinator of CR|PT|C (Carleton Research Practice of Teaching Collaborative). She received her Master’s in Architectural History and Theory from McGill University and her professional degree in Architecture from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. She has practiced professionally across the United States and Canada, and her professional work with NOROOF Architects, DXA Studio, and MADERA has won multiple awards, including the AIA Award of Excellence. In 2021, she co‑founded the design firm Métier Projects. Her research interests are centred around the synaesthetic experience of architecture, methods of architectural representation, and the translation from page to built work.

“Inclusive and playful, meticulous and thoughtful, the essays of this long-needed book liberate designers in their pursuit of architectural inspiration. Gems lurking in unexpected places—dismissed for years—are brought brilliantly to the fore by an impressive group of contributing authors. (Un)common Precedents will fast become a classic.”Dr. ir. Angeliki Sioli, Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft.“Architectural imagination is an open search. This collection navigates new paths of inquiry, leading architects to an expanded repertoire of knowledge and inspiration. From fields of music, literature, gastronomy and Indigenous engagement, uncommon precedents appear as cunning protagonists in an architectural story ever unfolding. Be prepared to rethink the exemplary.”Lisa Landrum, Professor and Chair, Department of Architectural Science, TMU. Co-editor, Theatres of Architectural Imagination."What inspires architectural ideas and designs? This resourceful book provides many ingenious answers, valuable for students, practitioners, and scholars alike. Reaching far beyond traditional typology like J.N.L. Durand’s imposition of a grid to regularize all architectural history, (Un)common Precedents explores alternative contemporary and historical approaches that open and examine possibilities in media, materials, spatial justice, environmentalism and much more across the arts to inform the architectural imagination."Paul Emmons, Patrick and Nancy Lathrop Professor of Architecture, Virginia Tech.

• Introduction Part I: (Un)Common Intentions: Why We Study Precedents (Un)Common Workshop I: (Un)Common Relationalities: Between Architecture and Indigenous Engagement Research Practices The Anti-Precedent 1. Encountering History: Precedent Avoidance at the Bauhaus and Its Legacy 2. Precedents in Architecture: Design, History, and Discontinuity 3. The Immanent Collapse as Precedent: Chronopathological Compulsions Subverting Precedents 4. Dis/continuous Genealogies: Douglas Darden’s Ideograms 5. Uncommon References: Le Corbusier, the Primal and the Flesh of Matter 6. Architectures beyond an Architect: Uncommon Practices from the Uncommon Global Majority in Post-Apartheid South Africa 7. The Drawings of Lat: The Graphic Novel as an Uncommon Precedent for Knowing, Seeing, and Thinking about Architecture (Un)Common Workshop II: Between Music and Architecture: Sounding the Precedent Part II: (Un)Common References: What We Study The Divergence of Precedents 8. (Un)Common by Sex: Urgent Archival Inclusions and the International Archive of Women in Architecture 9. Without Walls: Citing Sites Beyond “Parallel of Life and Art” 10. Architectural Rehearsal: Unearthing Embodied Architectural Precedents Reexamining Typologies 11. Uncommon Constructions: Departures from the Ubiquitous Canadian Wood-Frame House 12. The Department Store’s Lapidary Imagination 13. Re-Examining and Repositioning the Idea of Dwelling in Typological Planning in Post-World-War Japan 14. Observation, Documentation, and Imagined Situations of Life: The Yeouido Sibum Apartments as an Uncommon South Korean Modern Architectural Precedent (Un)Common Workshop III: Between Literature and Architecture: Writing as a Mode of Investigation Part III: (Un)Common (Trans)Media and Methods: How We Study Precedents The Sensorium 15. Un/Sound Histories: Finding the Uncommon in the Work of Adolf Loos 16. Precedents as Spoken Constructions: Imagining through Shared Oral Recollections in Architects’ Design Conversations 17. Poetic Language as a Thinking with Things: Storytelling and the Imagination of Matter in Bruno Schulz’s Mythization 18. Transversal Echotectonics: Finding an Uncommon Model of Architectural Sonics in the Work of Athanasius Kircher Drawings, Models, Film and Pedagogy 19. Film-Writing Architecture 20. A Path Not Taken: A Study on the Beginning of Álvaro Siza’s Project for the Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto 21. THEEND: Matta-Clark’s South American Cut 22. Drawing Continuously: A Report on Two Projects (Un)Common Workshop IV: Between Gastronomy and Architecture: Recipes for Building