Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century

Jan Seaman Kelly has been an FDE since 1987. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree inCriminal Justice from the University of Central Oklahoma. She did her formal training inforensic document examination from George Lewis at the US Postal Laboratory in San Bruno,California. Ms. Kelly is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners(ABFDE) and a Fellow of the Questioned Document Section in the American Academy of ForensicSciences (AAFS). She established Forensic Dynamics LLC, a private forensic document examinationfirm that provides examinations and consultations in civil and criminal cases from governmentand private sectors.Ms. Kelly’s accomplishments in the field of forensic document examination include servingas Director, Secretary, and President of the ABFDE from 1995 through 2002. She held the officesof Program Chair, Section Secretary and Section Chair of the Questioned Documents Section inAAFS from 2016 to 2020. Ms. Kelly served as Section Chair of the 2020 AAFS InterdisciplinarySymposium. She is a member of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) Subcommittee for Forensic Documents anda member of the Academy Standards Board (ASB).Ms. Kelly received two awards in 2004: the Ordway Hilton Award presented by the QuestionedDocument Section of the AAFS and named Safety Officer of the Year by the Rotary Clubs ofSouthern Nevada. The ABFDE presented the Charles C. Scott Award to Ms. Kelly in 2002 for herdefense of the forensic document profession as a member of the Daubert Group.Ms. Kelly is the coeditor and coauthor of several chapters in the second edition of ScientificExamination of Questioned Documents, released by CRC Press in 2006. She is the author ofForensic Examination of Rubber Stamps, released by Charles C. Thomas Publisher in 2002. In1994, the ABFDE published her 62-page monograph, Significant Dates of Typing Methods. Ms.Kelly has published several articles in professional journals such as the Journal of ForensicSciences and the Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners.Miriam Angel earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Applied Mathematics from the Universityof California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a Master of Science degree in Computer Science fromthe University of Southern California (USC). She did her training at the Los Angeles PoliceDepartment (LAPD) from 1994 to 1996 and continues to work as a Forensic Document Examinerin the LAPD laboratory.Ms. Angel is a Diplomate of the ABFDE and is currently serving on the ABFDE Board ofDirectors. She was the Secretary of the ABFDE from 2017 to 2019. She is a member of theAmerican Society of Questioned Document Examiners and the AAFS. She also currently serveson the OSAC Forensic Document Examination Subcommittee.Ms. Angel has given several presentations and published articles in professional journals onkinematics and signature complexity. Having recently completed an 8-month online courseon Essentials of Forensic Interpretation from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, she haspresented the application of logical reasoning to handwriting examination at the AAFS and tocolleagues at the LAPD laboratory.

• ContentsPreface xiEditors xiiiContributors xvSection I Modern Standards,Theory, and Practices1 Forensic Document Examiner Training 3Brett M. D. Bishop2 Standards in Forensic Document Examination 7Rigo Vargas3 The Logical Approach to Evidence Evaluation 9R. Brent Ostrum4 Cognitive Bias and Handwriting Examination: Concepts, CurrentKnowledge, and Future Practice 35Mara L. Merlino5 Forensic Intelligence 55Samiah Ibrahim6 Expert Testimony: The Path to the Jury 63Lucinda RisiSection II Handwriting Topics and Research7 Development of Habitual Handwriting Characteristics inElementary School Students 73Lisa M. Hanson and Marie E. Durina8 Evaluation of Handwriting Evidence 81Carolyne Bird9 Forensic Hand-Printing Examination 105Linda L. Mitchell10 Handwriting Complexity 111Miriam Angel11 Examination of Foreign-Influenced Handwriting 119Elaine X. Wooton and Donna O. Eisenberg12 Frequency of Occurrence Proportions in Handwriting 131Thomas W. Vastrick13 Examination and Comparison of Handwriting by Forensic DocumentExaminers Compared to Laypersons 137Marie E. DurinaSection III Applications of Technologyin Forensic Document Examination14 Forensic Analysis of Handwritten Electronic Signatures 157Kathleen Annunziata Nicolaides and Khody R. Detwiler15 Indentation Development and Visualization 173Tobin Tanaka16 Examination of Cut, Torn, Shredded, and Perforated Documents 195Larry A. Olson17 Electrophotography 211Tobin Tanaka18 Typography 225Zain M. Bhaloo, Tobin Tanaka, and Peter Tytell19 Computer Generated Documents 241Timothy A. Campbell20 Radiography 263Tobin Tanaka21 Digital Examination Techniques and Considerations 275Mark T. Goff22 Computational Analysis of Documents 289Timothy A. CampbellIndex 303