Edited by Greg Anderson, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta and Christopher J. Kukucha, Department of Political Science, University of Lethbridge, Canada

‘This is a very important book for anyone interested in North American trade and integration. Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha have convened the most relevant experts in the region to analyze from an inter and multidisciplinary perspective the trade and integration processes in North America. A must read for students, academics and policymakers interested in the region.’

• Contents1 Introduction: the North American idea, redux? 1 Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha PART I SITUATING NORTH AMERICA 2 The birth of NAFTA in a neoliberal moment 15 Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Megan Hogan 3 Seeing North America through old and new perspectives 25 Inu Manak 4 9/11 hijacks the NAFTA, COVID-19 says “hold my beer” 38 Laura Dawson 5 Populism’s attack on liberalized trade — and a victory over NAFTA? 55 Mark R. Brawley PART II THE TRADE AGENDA, OLD AND NEW 6 Food for thought: agricultural justice in North America in the neoliberal era 70 Daniel Patten 7 Market access in North America 85 Dan Ciuriak 8 Forum preferences in North American trade dispute settlement: from regional to multilateral and back again 102 Marc Froese 9 Regulatory cooperation: managing at the margins 116 Geoffrey Hale, Greg Anderson and Christopher J. Kukucha 10 Public procurement between Canada and the United States: an imperfect integration 133 Geneviève Dufour and Pierre-Luc Morin 11 Investment 146 Gilbert Gagné 12 Labour and trade policy in North America 157 Laura Macdonald 13 Digital trade in North America 169 Luis F. Alvarez Leon 14 Competition policy in North America in the context of the USMCA: an overview and some skepticism with regard to any prospects for harmonization 179 Timothy J. Brennan and Lawrence J. White 15 Integrating North America as a territory of life, not exploitation 192 Geoffrey Garver 16 Energy relations in North America: from three trilateral amigos to three bilateral acquaintance 203 Monica Gattinger, Rafael Aguirre Ponce and Julien Tohme 17 The auto sector: capitalism’s “favourite child” and North American economic integration 218 Dimitry Anastakis 18 Building blocks of the Canada–US relationship: the integrative role of cross-border regions 230 Laurie Trautman, Jennifer Bettis and Andréanne Bissonnette 19 North American integration and gender 245 Tamara Gurevich 20 Climate change and trade regulation 260 Maria Panezi PART III SECURITY TRUMPS TRADE 21 Recalibrating regional integration in a fractured world: CUSMA and regional competitiveness 274 Michèle Rioux, Charles-Olivier L’Homme and Brice Armel Simeu 22 Infrastructure and trade in North America 285 Juan Carlos Villa, Daniel Covarrubias , Andrea Vazquez and Juan Carlos Espinosa 23 Nationalism, Covid-19 and public health 316 Stephanie Kerr 24 Canada and the United States 337 Keith Cozine and Kelly W. Sundberg 25 Shadow regionalism and border policing in the political economy of North American integration 354 Geoff Boyce 26 Driven by technology: the rise and protracted decline of US–Canada North American Defence Organization 367 Joseph T. Jockel and Joel Sokolsky 27 Cybersecurity in North America: a review of Mexico 379 Luisa Parraguez-Kobek and Erick Torres-Wiegel 28 North American food security: integration and conflict 394 Elizabeth Smythe

Edited by Greg Anderson, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta and Christopher J. Kukucha, Department of Political Science, University of Lethbridge, Canada

‘This is a very important book for anyone interested in North American trade and integration. Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha have convened the most relevant experts in the region to analyze from an inter and multidisciplinary perspective the trade and integration processes in North America. A must read for students, academics and policymakers interested in the region.’

• Contents1 Introduction: the North American idea, redux? 1 Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha PART I SITUATING NORTH AMERICA 2 The birth of NAFTA in a neoliberal moment 15 Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Megan Hogan 3 Seeing North America through old and new perspectives 25 Inu Manak 4 9/11 hijacks the NAFTA, COVID-19 says “hold my beer” 38 Laura Dawson 5 Populism’s attack on liberalized trade — and a victory over NAFTA? 55 Mark R. Brawley PART II THE TRADE AGENDA, OLD AND NEW 6 Food for thought: agricultural justice in North America in the neoliberal era 70 Daniel Patten 7 Market access in North America 85 Dan Ciuriak 8 Forum preferences in North American trade dispute settlement: from regional to multilateral and back again 102 Marc Froese 9 Regulatory cooperation: managing at the margins 116 Geoffrey Hale, Greg Anderson and Christopher J. Kukucha 10 Public procurement between Canada and the United States: an imperfect integration 133 Geneviève Dufour and Pierre-Luc Morin 11 Investment 146 Gilbert Gagné 12 Labour and trade policy in North America 157 Laura Macdonald 13 Digital trade in North America 169 Luis F. Alvarez Leon 14 Competition policy in North America in the context of the USMCA: an overview and some skepticism with regard to any prospects for harmonization 179 Timothy J. Brennan and Lawrence J. White 15 Integrating North America as a territory of life, not exploitation 192 Geoffrey Garver 16 Energy relations in North America: from three trilateral amigos to three bilateral acquaintance 203 Monica Gattinger, Rafael Aguirre Ponce and Julien Tohme 17 The auto sector: capitalism’s “favourite child” and North American economic integration 218 Dimitry Anastakis 18 Building blocks of the Canada–US relationship: the integrative role of cross-border regions 230 Laurie Trautman, Jennifer Bettis and Andréanne Bissonnette 19 North American integration and gender 245 Tamara Gurevich 20 Climate change and trade regulation 260 Maria Panezi PART III SECURITY TRUMPS TRADE 21 Recalibrating regional integration in a fractured world: CUSMA and regional competitiveness 274 Michèle Rioux, Charles-Olivier L’Homme and Brice Armel Simeu 22 Infrastructure and trade in North America 285 Juan Carlos Villa, Daniel Covarrubias , Andrea Vazquez and Juan Carlos Espinosa 23 Nationalism, Covid-19 and public health 316 Stephanie Kerr 24 Canada and the United States 337 Keith Cozine and Kelly W. Sundberg 25 Shadow regionalism and border policing in the political economy of North American integration 354 Geoff Boyce 26 Driven by technology: the rise and protracted decline of US–Canada North American Defence Organization 367 Joseph T. Jockel and Joel Sokolsky 27 Cybersecurity in North America: a review of Mexico 379 Luisa Parraguez-Kobek and Erick Torres-Wiegel 28 North American food security: integration and conflict 394 Elizabeth Smythe

Edited by Greg Anderson, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta and Christopher J. Kukucha, Department of Political Science, University of Lethbridge, Canada

‘This is a very important book for anyone interested in North American trade and integration. Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha have convened the most relevant experts in the region to analyze from an inter and multidisciplinary perspective the trade and integration processes in North America. A must read for students, academics and policymakers interested in the region.’

• Contents1 Introduction: the North American idea, redux? 1 Greg Anderson and Christopher Kukucha PART I SITUATING NORTH AMERICA 2 The birth of NAFTA in a neoliberal moment 15 Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Megan Hogan 3 Seeing North America through old and new perspectives 25 Inu Manak 4 9/11 hijacks the NAFTA, COVID-19 says “hold my beer” 38 Laura Dawson 5 Populism’s attack on liberalized trade — and a victory over NAFTA? 55 Mark R. Brawley PART II THE TRADE AGENDA, OLD AND NEW 6 Food for thought: agricultural justice in North America in the neoliberal era 70 Daniel Patten 7 Market access in North America 85 Dan Ciuriak 8 Forum preferences in North American trade dispute settlement: from regional to multilateral and back again 102 Marc Froese 9 Regulatory cooperation: managing at the margins 116 Geoffrey Hale, Greg Anderson and Christopher J. Kukucha 10 Public procurement between Canada and the United States: an imperfect integration 133 Geneviève Dufour and Pierre-Luc Morin 11 Investment 146 Gilbert Gagné 12 Labour and trade policy in North America 157 Laura Macdonald 13 Digital trade in North America 169 Luis F. Alvarez Leon 14 Competition policy in North America in the context of the USMCA: an overview and some skepticism with regard to any prospects for harmonization 179 Timothy J. Brennan and Lawrence J. White 15 Integrating North America as a territory of life, not exploitation 192 Geoffrey Garver 16 Energy relations in North America: from three trilateral amigos to three bilateral acquaintance 203 Monica Gattinger, Rafael Aguirre Ponce and Julien Tohme 17 The auto sector: capitalism’s “favourite child” and North American economic integration 218 Dimitry Anastakis 18 Building blocks of the Canada–US relationship: the integrative role of cross-border regions 230 Laurie Trautman, Jennifer Bettis and Andréanne Bissonnette 19 North American integration and gender 245 Tamara Gurevich 20 Climate change and trade regulation 260 Maria Panezi PART III SECURITY TRUMPS TRADE 21 Recalibrating regional integration in a fractured world: CUSMA and regional competitiveness 274 Michèle Rioux, Charles-Olivier L’Homme and Brice Armel Simeu 22 Infrastructure and trade in North America 285 Juan Carlos Villa, Daniel Covarrubias , Andrea Vazquez and Juan Carlos Espinosa 23 Nationalism, Covid-19 and public health 316 Stephanie Kerr 24 Canada and the United States 337 Keith Cozine and Kelly W. Sundberg 25 Shadow regionalism and border policing in the political economy of North American integration 354 Geoff Boyce 26 Driven by technology: the rise and protracted decline of US–Canada North American Defence Organization 367 Joseph T. Jockel and Joel Sokolsky 27 Cybersecurity in North America: a review of Mexico 379 Luisa Parraguez-Kobek and Erick Torres-Wiegel 28 North American food security: integration and conflict 394 Elizabeth Smythe