Edited by Sophie Jacquot, Professor of Political Science, UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles, Belgium, Petra Ahrens, Academy of Finland Research Fellow, Tampere University, Finland, Serena D’Agostino, Senior Researcher in Political Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Sonia Palmieri, Associate Professor, Australian National University, Australia and Gisela Zaremberg, Full Professor Researcher in Gender Studies and Political Sociology, Facultad Latino Americana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Mexico

‘From 1995 gender mainstreaming became a key concept for feminist policy practitioners. This Research Handbook explains its evolution and application at all levels of governance and its remarkable global reach, up to and including space policy. An invaluable and timely resource now that gender equality is increasingly contested.’

• Contents1 Introduction: thirty years of gender mainstreaming – promises, limitations,and the future of equality 1Petra Ahrens, Serena D’Agostino, Sophie Jacquot, Sonia Palmieri andGisela ZarembergPART I  THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES2 Gender mainstreaming as a driver of feminist theory? From policy totheory 9Fiona Beveridge3 Defining gender mainstreaming: a history of feminist thinking and action 22Cinnamon Bennett4 Gender mainstreaming and feminist theory and praxis: an exercise inreflexivity 35Heather MacRae and Cherry Miller5 Gender mainstreaming and the state 47Gwenaëlle PerrierSpotlight 1The Beijing Platform: the birth of gender mainstreaming as a feministapproach? 59Nava San Miguel AbadSpotlight 2The rapid diffusion of gender mainstreaming 63Hana Hanifah and Jacqui TrueSpotlight 3Gender mainstreaming as a buzzword: the ups and downs of a concept 67Alison E. WoodwardPART II  ACTORS AND TOOLS6 Social movement and gender mainstreaming: convergent or divergent? 72Ana Laura Rodríguez Gustá7 Gender mainstreaming and public opinion: misuse, polarization and antigender equality views 85Vera Lomazzi and Isabella Crespi8 Gender equality machineries as critical actors in gender mainstreamingacross the globe 98Summer Forester and Amy G. Mazur9 Gender mainstreaming in parliaments: rule efficacy in the European andFijian parliaments 110Petra Ahrens and Sonia Palmieri10 The design and implementation of gender mainstreaming: a complex story 122Petra Meier and Lis Van Herck11 Breaking barriers: integrating gender perspectives into monitoring,evaluation, and statistics for meaningful change 134Thania de la Garza Navarrete and Liv Lafontaine Navarro12 Gender budgeting as an effective policy and advocacy tool 146Zorana Antonijević13 Gender mainstreaming and legislation 30 years later: the impact ofinternational action on gender mainstreaming on legislation and genderoutcomes at national level 158Maria Mousmouti14 Gender training and gender expertise to support gender mainstreaming 171Lut Mergaert and Marcela LinkováSpotlight 4Gender mainstreaming as democratic innovation 181Paloma Caravantes and Emanuela LombardoSpotlight 5Femocrats and gender mainstreaming: catalysts for gender equality inBrazil 186Simone BohnSpotlight 6Gender mainstreaming in high courts 190Alba RuibalSpotlight 7Illuminating inequalities and transforming policy through gender impactassessment 193Hannah JohnsonPART III  POLICY PERSPECTIVES15 Gender mainstreaming in social policy 200Elena Zacharenko and Merita Poni16 Gender mainstreaming in international cooperation and developmentpolicy 211Petra Debusscher17 Women, food safety, and entrepreneurship in rural sub-Saharan Africa 224Erika Valerio, Valentina C. Materia, Tacko Ndiaye, Ilaria Sisto andOmnia Rizk18 Gender mainstreaming in (feminist) foreign policy: a critical analysis onlogics of coloniality 237Miriam Mona Mukalazi and Fatim Selina Diaby19 Mainstreaming gender to combat violence against women 250Hana Hanifah and Jacqui True20 Gender mainstreaming in climate change policy 262Gill Allwood and Mariola Acosta21 Mainstreaming gender in research: between policy gains and politicalpushback 275Marcela Linková and Lut Mergaert22 Gender mainstreaming and health policy 287Rachel Hammersley-Mather23 Gender mainstreaming in migration policy 299Jane FreedmanSpotlight 8Gender mainstreaming and space policy 311Elise StephensonSpotlight 9Gender equality in an algorithmic society: re-engineering gendermainstreaming as a legal principle for fair AI 314Raphaële Xenidis and Birte BöökSpotlight 10On the energy transition and extractive industries 318Rosalind CavaghanPART IV  INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES: FROM THE INTERNATIONALTO THE LOCAL24 UN Women’s mandate to coordinate gender mainstreaming in the UNsystem 323Annalise Moser25 The African Union: successes and challenges in translating commitmentinto implementation 336Paula Tavares, Tsion Demissie Bergano and Namira Negm26 Making waves in the Blue Pacific: gender mainstreaming in and throughPacific regional institutions 350Tara Chetty, Josephine Kalsuak, Anita Afford and Margaret Fox27 Latin America: regional and national challenges 364Gisela Zaremberg28 European integration as a gender mainstreaming strategy: the case of EastCentral Europe 376Barbara Gaweda29 Gender mainstreaming in federalized Spain: developments and potentialsetbacks in the post-Beijing era 388Alba Alonso and Julia Espinosa-FajardoSpotlight 11The Gender Policy Council and mainstreaming in the United States 399Ashley EnglishSpotlight 12Gender mainstreaming at the local level 405Zlatiborka Popov-MomčinovićPART V  LIMITATIONS, CRITIQUES AND WAYS FORWARD30 The (de)politicization of gender mainstreaming 410Emanuela Lombardo and Rebecca Tildesley31 The transformation of gender mainstreaming in times of illiberalismand de-democratization: the dismantling of gender equality policies inHungary 422Bianka Vida32 Gender mainstreaming, populism and democratic backsliding: the case ofBrexit 434Emilia Belknap33 Overcoming challenges to gender and equality mainstreaming: thepromise of an intersectionality-informed framework in Sweden 447Olena Hankivsky and Gemma Hunting34 Decolonizing gender mainstreaming in ‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ feministactivism 460Ladan Rahbari35 Allies or accomplices? Transforming masculinity in the fight for genderequality in the Pacific 472Mercy Masta and Romitesh Kant36 Rethinking gender mainstreaming in the context of anti-gender oppositionin the EU: intersectional coalition politics and participatory democracy asthe way forward 484Lucrecia Rubio Grundell and Bruna Cristina Jaquetto PereiraSpotlight 13Gender mainstreaming and human rights 496Joanna Bourke MartignoniSpotlight 14Temporal sensitivity in gender mainstreaming 499Zorica SiročićSpotlight 15Towards inclusive recovery policies: mainstreaming gender andintersectionality in pandemic policymaking 502María López Belloso and Sofia StridSpotlight 16The critical role of Romani feminism in decolonizing gendermainstreaming 506Aldessa Georgiana Lincan