Materials and Techniques of Post-Tonal Music

Stefan Kostka is Professor Emeritus of Music Theory at the Butler School of Music at The University of Texas at Austin.Matthew Santa is Professor and Division Head of Music Theory at the Texas Tech University School of Music.

• PREFACE1 THE TWILIGHT OF THE TONAL SYSTEMINTRODUCTIONDIATONIC TONAL MUSICCHROMATIC TONAL MUSICSOME ASPECTS OF CHROMATIC HARMONYSUSPENDED TONALITY AND ATONALITYSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES2 SCALE FORMATIONS IN POST-TONAL MUSICINTRODUCTIONFIVE-NOTE SCALESSIX-NOTE SCALESSEVEN-NOTE SCALES: THE DIATONIC MODESOTHER SEVEN-NOTE SCALESEIGHT-NOTE SCALESTHE CHROMATIC SCALEMICROTONAL SCALESSCALAR TRANSFORMATIONSOTHER POSSIBILITIESSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT NOTES EXERCISES 3 THE VERTICAL DIMENSION: CHORDS AND SIMULTANEITIES INTRODUCTION CONVENTIONAL TERTIAN SONORITIES TERTIAN CHORDS WITH ADDED NOTES TERTIAN CHORDS WITH SPLIT CHORD MEMBERS OPEN-5TH CHORDSQUARTAL AND QUINTAL CHORDSSECUNDAL CHORDSMIXED-INTERVAL CHORDS WHOLE-TONE CHORDS POLYCHORDS SUMMARY MUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT NOTES EXERCISES 4 THE HORIZONTAL DIMENSION: MELODY AND VOICE LEADING INTRODUCTION SOME NEW STYLISTIC FEATURES OF POST-TONAL MELODYSOME ASPECTS OF MELODIC ORGANIZATION VOICE LEADING IN POST-TONAL MUSIC DISSONANCE TREATMENT TINTINNABULI TECHNIQUE ALIGNED INTERVAL CYCLES SUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES5 HARMONIC PROGRESSION AND TONALITYINTRODUCTIONTRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO HARMONIC PROGRESSIONNEW APPROACHES TO HARMONIC PROGRESSIONESTABLISHING A TONAL CENTERTERTIAN AND NONTERTIAN PITCH-CENTRICITYPOLYTONALITYPANDIATONICISMATONALITYNONHARMONIC MUSICSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES6 NONSERIAL ATONALITYINTRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTICS OF ATONAL MUSICPITCH-CLASS SETSPITCH-CLASS INTERVALSOCTAVE EQUIVALENCE, TRANSPOSITIONAL EQUIVALENCE, AND NORMAL ORDERINVERSIONAL EQUIVALENCE AND BEST NORMAL ORDERPRIME FORMS AND SET CLASSESTHE INTERVAL-CLASS VECTORFORTE LABELSUBSETSAGGREGATESMORE ABOUT SEGMENTATIONINTEGRATING SETS AND SEGMENTS IN ANALYSISSET THEORY IN OTHER CONTEXTSSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES7 DEVELOPMENTS IN RHYTHMINTRODUCTIONWRITTEN RHYTHM AND PERCEIVED RHYTHMCHANGING TIME SIGNATURESNONTRADITIONAL TIME SIGNATURESPOLYMETERAMETRIC MUSICADDED VALUES AND NONRETROGRADABLE RHYTHMSTEMPO MODULATION AND POLYTEMPOSERIALIZED RHYTHM AND ISORHYTHMTHE NEW COMPLEXITYSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES8 FORM IN POST-TONAL MUSICINTRODUCTIONONE-PART FORM AND BINARY FORMTERNARY FORMRONDO FORMSOTHER PART FORMSSONATA FORMSECTIONAL VARIATIONSCONTINUOUS VARIATIONSCANON AND FUGUEPROPORTION: THE GOLDEN MEANNONTHEMATIC DELINEATORS OF MUSICAL FORMNONORGANIC APPROACHES TO MUSICAL FORMSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTES EXERCISES9 IMPORTS AND ALLUSIONS INTRODUCTION INFLUENCES FROM THE PASTINFLUENCES FROM FOLK MUSIC, JAZZ, AND ROCKMUSIC FROM OTHER CULTURES SUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTES EXERCISES10 CLASSICAL SERIALISMINTRODUCTIONBASIC TERMINOLOGYTHE TWELVE-TONE MATRIXA FIRST EXAMPLEANALYZING A ROWCOMPOSITIONAL USES OF THE ROWROW SUCCESSIONCOMBINATORIALITYTHE ANALYSIS OF SERIAL MUSICSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES11 TIMBRE AND TEXTURE: ACOUSTICINTRODUCTIONNEW TIMBRAL EFFECTS FROM TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTSWIND INSTRUMENTSSTRINGED INSTRUMENTSPERCUSSION INSTRUMENTSTHE PIANOTHE VOICEINSTRUMENTATION AND ORCHESTRATIONTRADITIONAL TEXTURES AND COMPOUND TEXTURESPOINTILLISM, STRATIFICATION, AND SOUND-MASSSPECTRALISMSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES12 TIMBRE AND TEXTURE: ELECTRONICINTRODUCTIONCONCRETE MUSICTHE CLASSICAL ELECTRONIC MUSIC STUDIODIGITAL SYNTHESISTHE DEVELOPMENT OF MIDISAMPLERS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS, AND RECENT TRENDS IN DIGITAL SYNTHESISTAPE AND INSTRUMENT, LIVE PERFORMANCE, AND INTERACTIVE COMPUTER MUSIC NOTATION OF ELECTRONIC MUSICSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES13 SERIALISM AFTER 1945INTRODUCTIONINTEGRAL SERIALISMINTEGRAL SERIALISM IN PERSPECTIVEOTHER ASPECTS OF SERIALISM MUSIC AFTER SERIALISM SUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES14 THE ROLES OF CHANCE AND CHOICE IN POST-TONAL MUSICINTRODUCTIONCHANCE IN COMPOSITIONCHOICE IN PERFORMANCESOME EXAMPLES OF PERFORMER INDETERMINACYGRAPHIC SCORES AND TEXT SCORESMUSIC ON THE FRINGESUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISES 15 MINIMALISM AND BEYOND INTRODUCTIONMINIMALISMBEYOND MINIMALISMSUMMARYMUSIC FROM THE CHAPTER IN CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXTNOTESEXERCISESAPPENDIX: PRIME FORMS, FORTE LABELS, AND INTERVAL-CLASS VECTORSBIBLIOGRAPHYINDEX