Dong Liu earned his BEng (Hons) degree in electronic engineering with first-class honors from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2014, BEng in microelectronics from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, in 2014, and PhD in electrical engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2019. He previously held a postdoctoral position at the Institute of Textile and Clothing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and currently serves as a research fellow at the Centre for Complexity and Complex Networks and the Department of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong. He is currently a full member of the IEEE Power and Energy Circuits and Systems Technical Committee and a member of the IEEE Power and Energy Society. He is the author or co-author of 14 publications in peer-reviewed journals, including various IEEE transactions, and has delivered over 10 invited presentations at international conferences. His research interests encompass cascading failure modeling and analysis, cyber-physical systems, and machine learning for assessing robustness in smart grids.Xi Zhang earned his B.Eng. degree in Automation from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in Electronic and Information Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, in 2017. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. His research interests focus on power system resilience, applications of AI technologies to the analysis and decision-making in power networks, etc. He served as Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs (2022-2023), and Guest Editor of IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (Q3 2023). He received the Best Associate Editor Award for his editorial services for IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems in 2023.Chi Kong Tse graduated from the University of Melbourne, with BEng (Hons) and PhD degrees in electrical engineering. He is currently a Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong and concurrently being appointed as Associate Vice President (Innovation). He is/was honorary professor and distinguished fellow with several Australian, Canadian and Chinese universities, including Melbourne University, RMIT University, University of Western Australia, University of Calgary, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (being Chang Jiang Scholars Chair), Northeastern University, etc. His research interests are in power electronics and nonlinear systems. Prof. Tse has been awarded numerous invention, research and teaching prizes. Among them, the IEEE CASS Charles A. Desoer Technical Achievement Award 2022 recognized his "outstanding contributions and continued leadership in the development of research in complex behavior of power electronics and energy systems". He was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II (2016-2019) and of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (2013-2016). He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 2005 for his contributions to power electronics systems.

• 1. Introduction 2. Power Network Representation and Power Flow Models 3. Power System Protection Strategies 4. Cascading Failure Models of Evolving Power Grids 5. Robustness Assessment of Evolving Power Grids 6. Robustness Enhancement of Evolving Power Grids Via System Planning 7. Robustness Enhancement Via System Control and Protection 8. Forward Perspectives on Power System Robustness. Appendix A: Failure Propagation in the Network, Appendix B: Derivation of Power Grid Resilience Metric, Appendix C: Parameter Settings in Monte Carlo Case Study, Appendix D: Real-World Data Sources

Dong Liu earned his BEng (Hons) degree in electronic engineering with first-class honors from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2014, BEng in microelectronics from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, in 2014, and PhD in electrical engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2019. He previously held a postdoctoral position at the Institute of Textile and Clothing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and currently serves as a research fellow at the Centre for Complexity and Complex Networks and the Department of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong. He is currently a full member of the IEEE Power and Energy Circuits and Systems Technical Committee and a member of the IEEE Power and Energy Society. He is the author or co-author of 14 publications in peer-reviewed journals, including various IEEE transactions, and has delivered over 10 invited presentations at international conferences. His research interests encompass cascading failure modeling and analysis, cyber-physical systems, and machine learning for assessing robustness in smart grids.Xi Zhang earned his B.Eng. degree in Automation from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in Electronic and Information Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, in 2017. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. His research interests focus on power system resilience, applications of AI technologies to the analysis and decision-making in power networks, etc. He served as Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs (2022-2023), and Guest Editor of IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (Q3 2023). He received the Best Associate Editor Award for his editorial services for IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems in 2023.Chi Kong Tse graduated from the University of Melbourne, with BEng (Hons) and PhD degrees in electrical engineering. He is currently a Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong and concurrently being appointed as Associate Vice President (Innovation). He is/was honorary professor and distinguished fellow with several Australian, Canadian and Chinese universities, including Melbourne University, RMIT University, University of Western Australia, University of Calgary, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (being Chang Jiang Scholars Chair), Northeastern University, etc. His research interests are in power electronics and nonlinear systems. Prof. Tse has been awarded numerous invention, research and teaching prizes. Among them, the IEEE CASS Charles A. Desoer Technical Achievement Award 2022 recognized his "outstanding contributions and continued leadership in the development of research in complex behavior of power electronics and energy systems". He was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II (2016-2019) and of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (2013-2016). He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 2005 for his contributions to power electronics systems.

• 1. Introduction 2. Power Network Representation and Power Flow Models 3. Power System Protection Strategies 4. Cascading Failure Models of Evolving Power Grids 5. Robustness Assessment of Evolving Power Grids 6. Robustness Enhancement of Evolving Power Grids Via System Planning 7. Robustness Enhancement Via System Control and Protection 8. Forward Perspectives on Power System Robustness. Appendix A: Failure Propagation in the Network, Appendix B: Derivation of Power Grid Resilience Metric, Appendix C: Parameter Settings in Monte Carlo Case Study, Appendix D: Real-World Data Sources

Dong Liu earned his BEng (Hons) degree in electronic engineering with first-class honors from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2014, BEng in microelectronics from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, in 2014, and PhD in electrical engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2019. He previously held a postdoctoral position at the Institute of Textile and Clothing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and currently serves as a research fellow at the Centre for Complexity and Complex Networks and the Department of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong. He is currently a full member of the IEEE Power and Energy Circuits and Systems Technical Committee and a member of the IEEE Power and Energy Society. He is the author or co-author of 14 publications in peer-reviewed journals, including various IEEE transactions, and has delivered over 10 invited presentations at international conferences. His research interests encompass cascading failure modeling and analysis, cyber-physical systems, and machine learning for assessing robustness in smart grids.Xi Zhang earned his B.Eng. degree in Automation from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in Electronic and Information Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, in 2017. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. His research interests focus on power system resilience, applications of AI technologies to the analysis and decision-making in power networks, etc. He served as Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Express Briefs (2022-2023), and Guest Editor of IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (Q3 2023). He received the Best Associate Editor Award for his editorial services for IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems in 2023.Chi Kong Tse graduated from the University of Melbourne, with BEng (Hons) and PhD degrees in electrical engineering. He is currently a Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering at City University of Hong Kong and concurrently being appointed as Associate Vice President (Innovation). He is/was honorary professor and distinguished fellow with several Australian, Canadian and Chinese universities, including Melbourne University, RMIT University, University of Western Australia, University of Calgary, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (being Chang Jiang Scholars Chair), Northeastern University, etc. His research interests are in power electronics and nonlinear systems. Prof. Tse has been awarded numerous invention, research and teaching prizes. Among them, the IEEE CASS Charles A. Desoer Technical Achievement Award 2022 recognized his "outstanding contributions and continued leadership in the development of research in complex behavior of power electronics and energy systems". He was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II (2016-2019) and of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (2013-2016). He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 2005 for his contributions to power electronics systems.

• 1. Introduction 2. Power Network Representation and Power Flow Models 3. Power System Protection Strategies 4. Cascading Failure Models of Evolving Power Grids 5. Robustness Assessment of Evolving Power Grids 6. Robustness Enhancement of Evolving Power Grids Via System Planning 7. Robustness Enhancement Via System Control and Protection 8. Forward Perspectives on Power System Robustness. Appendix A: Failure Propagation in the Network, Appendix B: Derivation of Power Grid Resilience Metric, Appendix C: Parameter Settings in Monte Carlo Case Study, Appendix D: Real-World Data Sources