Olympic and Paralympic Sport in Transition

Jörg Krieger is Associate Professor of Sport and Body Culture in the Department of Public Health at Aarhus University, Denmark, and Professor II in the School of Business and Social Sciences at the University of Inland Norway. His research explores the relationship between politics and international sport, anti-doping, athlete activism, and the role of women in the Olympic movement.Svein Erik Nordhagen is Associate Professor of Sport Management and Head of the Bachelor of Sport Management program in the Department of Organisation, Leadership and Management at the University of Inland Norway. His research focuses on organization and leadership in sport and events, especially in the context of the Olympic movement.Anne Tjønndal is Professor of Sociology of Sport at Nord University, Norway, and serves as Professor II in Sport Management at the University of Inland Norway. Her research focuses on innovation and sport technology, esports, social inclusion, and exclusion in sport organizations.

• Introduction: Olympic and Paralympic Sport in TransitionPART ITransformations in Olympic Cultures and Identities 1 Lillehammer’s 1994 Winter Olympic Games: Small City, Big Event JON HELGE LESJØ, SVEIN ERIK NORDHAGEN, AND TRINE LØVOLD SYVERSEN2 The Challenge of Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in Olympic Bidding Processes – The Tromsø Bids INGE HERMANRUD AND DILARA VALIYEVA3 National Identities in Transition? Interaction Rituals and Identity among Biathlon and Cross-Country Spectators ARVE HJELSETH AND MADS SKAUGE4 Advancing the Social Sustainability of Athlete Support Systems: Insights from a Paralympic Case Study HANWEI ZHANG AND ASTRID SCHUBRING5 Rival Sport Movements and the Evolution of the Olympic Movement: Forcing Olympic Innovation JÖRG KRIEGERPART IIInnovation and Technologies6 The Youth Olympic Games as a Platform for Innovation within the Olympic Movement SVEIN ERIK NORDHAGEN7 Technological Innovations in Refereeing: A Study of Winter Olympic Sports SIGBJØRN H. SKIRBEKK, STIAN RØSTEN, EGIL TRASTI ROGSTAD, AND ANNE TJØNNDAL8 Beyond the Paralympics: Dis§ability Sport and Technology CARLA FILOMENA SILVA AND P. DAVID HOWE9 Innovation Failures at the Olympic and Paralympic Games DANIELE CANINI AND ANNE TJØNNDALPART IIISustainability 10 The Olympic Agenda 2020 as a Tool for Promoting Sustainable Development through Sports: Organisational Innovation at the Forefront? MAJA NILSSEN11 Strategies and Tactics of Leveraging the Paris 2024 Open Water Swimming Events: Reinventing the Seine for Swimming SEAN HEATH AND DAGMAR DAHL12 Peace in Play, Politics at Game from PyeongChang 2018 to Gangwon 2024: A Tale of Two RegimesIK YOUNG CHANG AND SEUL KI PARK13 Major Sports Events as Prospects for Green Innovation FRIDA AUSTMO WÅGAN AND JON HELGE LESJØ