A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794-1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 3 first covers the mechanico-chemical sciences, emphasizing the convergence of mechanical and chemical theories in discoveries pertaining to electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics. A section on chemistry surveys Becher and Stahl's phlogiston theory, Lavoisier's theory of oxygen, and Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. The volume also covers mineralogy, botany, zoology, and anatomy.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2010-09-09
Mått:140 x 216 x 36 mm
Vikt:810 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Cambridge Library Collection - Philosophy
Antal sidor:642
Förlag:Cambridge University Press
ISBN:9781108019262

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Filosofiska discipliner inom Filosofi och religion

Innehållsförteckning

Part III. The Mechanico-Chemical Sciences; Book XI. History of Electricity: 1. Discovery of the laws of electric phenomena; 2. The progress of electrical theory; Book XII. History of Magnetism: 1. Discovery of the laws of magnetic phenomena; 2. Progress of magnetic theory; Book XIII. History of Galvanism, or Voltaic Electricity: 1. Discovery of voltaic electricity; 2. Reception and confirmation of the discovery of voltaic electricity; 3. Discovery of the laws of the mutual attraction and repulsion of voltaic currents; 4. Discovery of electro-magnetic action. Oersted; 5. Discovery of the laws of electro-magnetic action; 6. Theory of electro-dynamic action; 7. Consequences of the electro-dynamic theory; 8. Discovery of the laws of magneto-electric induction. Faraday; 9. Transition to chemical science; Part IV. The Analytical Science. Book XIV. History of Chemistry: 1. Improvement of the notion of chemical analysis, and recognition of it as the spagiric art; 2. Doctrine of acid and alkali. Sylvius; 3. Doctrine of elective attractions. Geoffroy. Bergman; 4. Doctrine of acidification and combustion. Phlogistic theory; 5. Chemistry of gases. Black. Cavendish; 6. Epoch of the theory of oxygen. Lavoisier; 7. Application and correction of the oxygen theory; 8. Theory of definite, reciprocal, and multiple proportions; 9. Epoch of Davy and Faraday; 10. Transition from the chemical to the classificatory sciences; Part V. The Analytico-Classificatory Science; Book XV. History of Mineralogy: Introduction; 1. Prelude to the epoch of De Lisle and Haüy; 2. Epoch of Romé and Haüy. Establishment of the fixity of crystalline angles, and the simplicity of the laws of derivation; 3. Reception and corrections of the Haüian crystallography; 4. Establishment of the distinction of systems of crystallization. Weiss and Mohs; 5. Reception and confirmation of the distinction of systems of crystallization; 6. Correction of the law of the same angle for the same substance; 7. Attempts to establish the fixity of other physical properties. Werner; 8. Attempts at the classification of minerals; 9. Attempts at the reform of mineralogical systems. Separation of the chemical and natural history methods; Part VI. Classificatory Sciences; Book XVI. History of Systematic Botany and Zoology: 1. Imaginary knowledge of plants; 2. Unsystematic knowledge of plants; 3. Formation of a system of arrangement of plants; 4. The reform of Linnaeus; 5. Progress towards a natural system of botany; 6. The progress of systematic zoology; 7. The progress of ichthyology; Part VII. Organical Sciences; Book XVII. History of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy: 1. Discovery of the organs of voluntary motion; 2. Discovery of the circulation of the blood; 3. Discovery of the motion of the chyle, and consequent speculations; 4. Examination of the process of reproduction in animals and plants, and consequent speculations; 5. Examination of the nervous system, and consequent speculations; 6. Introduction of the principle of developed and metamorphosed symmetry; 7. Progress of animal morphology; 8. The doctrine of final causes in physiology; Part VIII. The Palaetiological Sciences; Book XVIII. History of Geology: 1. Prelude to systematic descriptive geology; 2. Formation of systematic descriptive geology; 3. Sequel to the formation of systematic descriptive geology; 4. Attempts to discover general laws in geology; 5. Inorganic geological dynamics; 6. Progress of the geological dynamics of organized beings; 7. Progress of physical geology; 8. The two antagonist doctrines of geology.