Joseph Francois is Professor of Economics and Managing Director of the World Trade Institute, Universität Bern, Switzerland. He is a Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, and co-founder of the European Trade Study Group (ETSG). He has published widely on trade, the role of services in growth and development, and sustainability aspects of globalization. Bernard Hoekman is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and Dean, External Relations, at the European University Institute, Florence. A Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, he has published widely on trade and development, trade in services, and the multilateral trading system.

'Ever since the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, trade regulation, with the decline of tariffs in industrial goods, moved towards non-tariff measures and regulatory affairs. Today, most of such measures pertain to the realm of what traditionally was domestic law, now addressed in international agreements. They fully operate within national jurisdictions and go way beyond border measures. This volume offers an insightful analysis, mainly from economics and international relations theory, of such behind-the-border issues and the challenges they pose for regulatory cooperation, the future of the WTO and multilateralism. It rightly stresses the limits of bilateral and preferential trade agreements in addressing such barriers. It argues for regulatory cooperation in harnessing global value chains. The book is of interest to negotiators and also offers new perspective to the legal community.' Thomas Cottier, Emeritus Professor of International Economic Law, World Trade Institute, Universität Bern

• 1. Moving beyond the border: introduction and overview Joseph Francois and Bernard Hoekman; Part I. Concepts and Measurement: 2. NTMs: data concepts and sources Marie Luise Rau and Achim Vogt; 3. Regulatory bindings, policy uncertainty, and market access in services Peter Egger, Joseph Francois, Bernard Hoekman and Miriam Manchin; Part II. Assessing and Benchmarking Policy: 4. NTMs in the presence of global value chains and their impact on productivity Mahdi Ghodsi and Robert Stehrer; 5. Non-tariff measure estimations in different impact assessments Eddy Bekkers and Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; 6. Gauging procurement policy change during the crisis-era: evidence from the global trade alert Simon J. Evenett and Anirudh Shingal; 7. Preferences, income distribution, and the burden of NTMs Igor Bagayev and Ronald B. Davies; Part III. Dealing With NTMs: Legal and Institutional Contexts: 8. NTM reforms: a practitioner's perspective Fabio Artuso; 9. Good regulatory practices and international trade Robert Basedow; 10. Rules of origin as non-tariff measures: towards greater regulatory convergence Bernard Hoekman and Stefano Inama; 11. Behind-the-border measures and the new generation of trade agreements: TBT and SPS compared Manfred Elsig and Sebastian Klotz; 12. Non-tariff responses to China's development strategy: the WTO's interface challenge Chad Bown; 13. A time for action: the WTO must change to promote regulatory cooperation Thomas J. Bollyky and Petros C. Mavroidis.

Joseph Francois is Professor of Economics and Managing Director of the World Trade Institute, Universität Bern, Switzerland. He is a Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, and co-founder of the European Trade Study Group (ETSG). He has published widely on trade, the role of services in growth and development, and sustainability aspects of globalization. Bernard Hoekman is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and Dean, External Relations, at the European University Institute, Florence. A Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, he has published widely on trade and development, trade in services, and the multilateral trading system.

'Ever since the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, trade regulation, with the decline of tariffs in industrial goods, moved towards non-tariff measures and regulatory affairs. Today, most of such measures pertain to the realm of what traditionally was domestic law, now addressed in international agreements. They fully operate within national jurisdictions and go way beyond border measures. This volume offers an insightful analysis, mainly from economics and international relations theory, of such behind-the-border issues and the challenges they pose for regulatory cooperation, the future of the WTO and multilateralism. It rightly stresses the limits of bilateral and preferential trade agreements in addressing such barriers. It argues for regulatory cooperation in harnessing global value chains. The book is of interest to negotiators and also offers new perspective to the legal community.' Thomas Cottier, Emeritus Professor of International Economic Law, World Trade Institute, Universität Bern

• 1. Moving beyond the border: introduction and overview Joseph Francois and Bernard Hoekman; Part I. Concepts and Measurement: 2. NTMs: data concepts and sources Marie Luise Rau and Achim Vogt; 3. Regulatory bindings, policy uncertainty, and market access in services Peter Egger, Joseph Francois, Bernard Hoekman and Miriam Manchin; Part II. Assessing and Benchmarking Policy: 4. NTMs in the presence of global value chains and their impact on productivity Mahdi Ghodsi and Robert Stehrer; 5. Non-tariff measure estimations in different impact assessments Eddy Bekkers and Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; 6. Gauging procurement policy change during the crisis-era: evidence from the global trade alert Simon J. Evenett and Anirudh Shingal; 7. Preferences, income distribution, and the burden of NTMs Igor Bagayev and Ronald B. Davies; Part III. Dealing With NTMs: Legal and Institutional Contexts: 8. NTM reforms: a practitioner's perspective Fabio Artuso; 9. Good regulatory practices and international trade Robert Basedow; 10. Rules of origin as non-tariff measures: towards greater regulatory convergence Bernard Hoekman and Stefano Inama; 11. Behind-the-border measures and the new generation of trade agreements: TBT and SPS compared Manfred Elsig and Sebastian Klotz; 12. Non-tariff responses to China's development strategy: the WTO's interface challenge Chad Bown; 13. A time for action: the WTO must change to promote regulatory cooperation Thomas J. Bollyky and Petros C. Mavroidis.

Joseph Francois is Professor of Economics and Managing Director of the World Trade Institute, Universität Bern, Switzerland. He is a Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, and co-founder of the European Trade Study Group (ETSG). He has published widely on trade, the role of services in growth and development, and sustainability aspects of globalization. Bernard Hoekman is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and Dean, External Relations, at the European University Institute, Florence. A Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) research fellow, he has published widely on trade and development, trade in services, and the multilateral trading system.

'Ever since the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, trade regulation, with the decline of tariffs in industrial goods, moved towards non-tariff measures and regulatory affairs. Today, most of such measures pertain to the realm of what traditionally was domestic law, now addressed in international agreements. They fully operate within national jurisdictions and go way beyond border measures. This volume offers an insightful analysis, mainly from economics and international relations theory, of such behind-the-border issues and the challenges they pose for regulatory cooperation, the future of the WTO and multilateralism. It rightly stresses the limits of bilateral and preferential trade agreements in addressing such barriers. It argues for regulatory cooperation in harnessing global value chains. The book is of interest to negotiators and also offers new perspective to the legal community.' Thomas Cottier, Emeritus Professor of International Economic Law, World Trade Institute, Universität Bern

• 1. Moving beyond the border: introduction and overview Joseph Francois and Bernard Hoekman; Part I. Concepts and Measurement: 2. NTMs: data concepts and sources Marie Luise Rau and Achim Vogt; 3. Regulatory bindings, policy uncertainty, and market access in services Peter Egger, Joseph Francois, Bernard Hoekman and Miriam Manchin; Part II. Assessing and Benchmarking Policy: 4. NTMs in the presence of global value chains and their impact on productivity Mahdi Ghodsi and Robert Stehrer; 5. Non-tariff measure estimations in different impact assessments Eddy Bekkers and Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; 6. Gauging procurement policy change during the crisis-era: evidence from the global trade alert Simon J. Evenett and Anirudh Shingal; 7. Preferences, income distribution, and the burden of NTMs Igor Bagayev and Ronald B. Davies; Part III. Dealing With NTMs: Legal and Institutional Contexts: 8. NTM reforms: a practitioner's perspective Fabio Artuso; 9. Good regulatory practices and international trade Robert Basedow; 10. Rules of origin as non-tariff measures: towards greater regulatory convergence Bernard Hoekman and Stefano Inama; 11. Behind-the-border measures and the new generation of trade agreements: TBT and SPS compared Manfred Elsig and Sebastian Klotz; 12. Non-tariff responses to China's development strategy: the WTO's interface challenge Chad Bown; 13. A time for action: the WTO must change to promote regulatory cooperation Thomas J. Bollyky and Petros C. Mavroidis.